ABSTRACT Bark and ambrosia beetles and pinhole borers (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae and Platypodinae) are two subfamilies of weevils that use acoustic communication within plant tissue. These insects transmit and detect sound in a medium that is neither air nor water and they are among the smallest animals with sound-producing organs. Nevertheless, their sound production is sorely understudied, mostly due to the difficulties associated with acoustically monitoring individuals inside plants. We analysed the stridulatory sounds from 55 bark and ambrosia beetle species within 15 subtribes collected in four countries, making this the largest acoustic dataset of these taxa to date. We characterised and compared the amplitude and spectro-temporal parameters of the distress airborne signals produced by the beetles, in conjunction with phenology and life history data. Sound production was present in 33% of the collected species, of which 60% of these sounds had not been previously reported. Depending on species, either both sexes stridulated or only one. Some species had calls with different acoustic morphotypes (one, two, or three notes), and when both sexes stridulated, sounds generally differed. Our data suggest that type of mating system and size play an important role in determining the acoustic communicatory capacity of most species.

中文翻译：

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树皮和豚草甲虫的声音产生

摘要 树皮甲虫和针孔螟（鞘翅目：Curculionidae：Scolytinae 和 Platypodinae）是象鼻虫的两个亚科，它们在植物组织内使用声学通信。这些昆虫在既不是空气也不是水的介质中传输和检测声音，它们是具有发声器官的最小动物之一。然而，它们的声音产生却很少被研究，主要是由于与植物内部个体的声学监测相关的困难。我们分析了在四个国家收集的 15 个亚部落中的 55 种树皮和龙涎香甲虫的喘鸣声，使其成为迄今为止这些分类群最大的声学数据集。我们对甲虫产生的遇险空中信号的幅度和光谱时间参数进行了表征和比较，结合物候学和生活史数据。33% 的收集到的物种中存在声音产生，其中 60% 的这些声音以前没有被报道过。根据物种的不同，两性或只有一种。有些物种的叫声具有不同的声学形态类型（一个、两个或三个音符），当两性发出刺耳的声音时，声音通常会有所不同。我们的数据表明，交配系统的类型和大小在确定大多数物种的声学交流能力方面起着重要作用。当两性都发出刺耳的声音时，声音通常会有所不同。我们的数据表明，交配系统的类型和大小在确定大多数物种的声学交流能力方面起着重要作用。当两性都发出刺耳的声音时，声音通常会有所不同。我们的数据表明，交配系统的类型和大小在确定大多数物种的声学交流能力方面起着重要作用。