ABSTRACT Anuran calling behaviour is determined by environmental, endogenous, and social factors. The effect of these factors usually differs among and within species. We used acoustic monitoring to evaluate the effects of environmental predictors on the daily occurrence and call production of Elachistocleis matogrosso (Microhylidae) in the northeastern Brazilian Pantanal. We monitored the calling behaviour of the species over a complete annual cycle at four acoustic monitoring stations. Daily occurrence was positively associated with high minimum air temperature at all sites, and was also related to days with high abundant rainfall at two sites. This result suggests that the minimum temperature acts as the main trigger initiating calling activity in this species. In contrast, call production was positively related to rainfall and accumulated rainfall over the previous three days, with no effect of air temperature. This observation could be related to a high abundance of calling males after some rainy periods, when more water bodies are available for reproduction. Our findings reveal the importance of performing studies at different spatial-temporal and calling scales because the effects of environmental predictors on anuran calling behaviour may differ among sites, and this factor is also important when analysing daily occurrence or call production.

中文翻译：

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Elachistocleis matogrosso (Anura, Microhylidae) 的鸣叫行为与栖息地温度和降雨量有关

摘要 Anuran 的叫唤行为是由环境、内源性和社会因素决定的。这些因素的影响通常在物种之间和物种内不同。我们使用声学监测来评估环境预测因子对巴西潘塔纳尔湿地东北部 Elachistocleis matogrosso (Microhylidae) 的日常发生和呼叫产生的影响。我们在四个声学监测站监测了该物种在一个完整的年度周期内的叫声行为。每日出现次数与所有站点的最低气温高呈正相关，也与两个站点的降雨丰沛天数有关。这一结果表明，最低温度是该物种发起呼叫活动的主要触发因素。相比之下，电话产量与前三天的降雨量和累积降雨量呈正相关，不受气温影响。这一观察结果可能与一些雨期后大量的雄性呼唤有关，当时有更多的水体可供繁殖。我们的研究结果揭示了在不同的时空和叫声尺度上进行研究的重要性，因为环境预测因子对无尾猿叫声行为的影响可能因地点而异，而且在分析日常发生或叫声时，这一因素也很重要。