A current affair: entanglement of humpback whales in coastal shark‐control nets,Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation

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A current affair: entanglement of humpback whales in coastal shark‐control nets
Remote Sensing in Ecology and Conservation ( IF 3.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-21 , DOI: 10.1002/rse2.133
Jessica A. Bolin ₁ , David S. Schoeman ₁ , Carme Pizà‐Roca ₁ , Kylie L. Scales ₁

Affiliation

Shark‐control nets pose an entanglement risk to East Australian humpback whales during their annual northward and southward migrations between the Southern Ocean and the Coral Sea. Rates of whale entanglement exhibit seasonal and interannual variation, suggesting that an understanding of the influence of variability in the broad‐scale physical environment along the migratory route would be useful in assessing risk of entanglement. This study provides a quantitative spatio‐temporal analysis of the probability of whale entanglement in shark‐control nets relative to the position and characteristics of the East Australian Current (EAC), the dominant oceanographic feature of the region. We use satellite‐derived sea‐surface temperature, and outputs from a data‐assimilating ocean model, to develop multivariate, data‐driven algorithms for detecting the edge of the EAC using Principal Components Analysis. We use outputs from these algorithms to model the likelihood of humpback entanglements in South‐east Queensland. We find that the likelihood of entanglement increases when the EAC edge is locally less structured and closer to shore in the vicinity of the corresponding net, or when the EAC is well resolved over the entire study domain. Our results suggest that migrating humpbacks use the gradient in physical characteristics that marks the EAC inner edge as a navigational aid. Thus, when the EAC inner edge encroaches on the coast, the whales’ migration range is compressed into nearshore waters, increasing the risk of entanglement. Our findings can help predict periods of elevated entanglement risk, which could underpin a more data‐driven approach to the management of shark‐control programs, and other activities that involve static fishing gear.

中文翻译：

当前的事：座头鲸在沿海鲨鱼控制网中的纠缠

鲨鱼控制网每年在南大洋和珊瑚海之间向北和向南迁移时，会给东澳大利亚座头鲸带来纠缠的风险。鲸鱼的纠缠率表现出季节性和年际变化，这表明了解在迁徙路线上大范围物理环境中的可变性的影响将有助于评估纠缠的风险。这项研究提供了相对于该地区主要海洋学特征东澳大利亚洋流（EAC）的位置和特征，在鲨鱼控制网中鲸鱼纠缠的概率的时空定量分析。我们使用卫星衍生的海表温度和数据同化海洋模型的输出来开发多变量，使用主成分分析的数据驱动算法来检测EAC的边缘。我们使用这些算法的输出来对昆士兰东南部座头鲸纠缠的可能性进行建模。我们发现，当EAC边缘的局部结构较松散且在相应网络附近更靠近海岸时，或者当EAC在整个研究域中得到很好的解决时，纠缠的可能性就会增加。我们的结果表明，迁移的座头鲸使用物理特征中的梯度来标记EAC的内部边缘，以作为导航辅助。因此，当EAC内边缘侵入海岸时，鲸鱼的迁移范围被压缩到近岸水域，从而增加了纠缠的风险。我们的发现可以帮助预测发生纠缠风险的时期，

更新日期：2019-11-21

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