Cadmium (Cd) toxicity is a serious threat to future food security and health safety. To identify genetic factors contributing to Cd uptake in wheat, we conducted a genome‐wide association study with genotyping from 90K SNP array. A spring wheat diversity panel was planted under normal conditions and Cd stress (50 mg Cd/kg soil). The impact of Cd stress on agronomic traits ranged from a reduction of 16% in plant height to 93% in grain iron content. Individual genotypes showed a considerable variation for Cd uptake and translocation subdividing the panel into three groups: (1) hyper‐accumulators (i.e. high Leaf_{_Cd} and low Seed_{_Cd}), (2) hyper‐translocators (i.e. low Leaf_{_Cd} and high Seed_{_Cd}), and (3) moderate lines (i.e. low Leaf_{_Cd} and low Seed_{_Cd}). Two lines (SKD‐1 and TD‐1) maintained an optimum grain yield under Cd stress and were therefore considered as Cd resistant lines. Genome‐wide association identified 179 SNP‐trait associations for various traits including 16 for Cd uptake at a significance level of P < .001. However, only five SNPs were significant after applying multiple testing correction. These loci were associated with seed‐cadmium, grain‐iron, and grain‐zinc: qSCd‐1A, qSCd‐1D, qZn‐2B1, qZn‐2B2, and qFe‐6D. These five loci had not been identified in the previously reported studies for Cd uptake in wheat. These loci and the underlying genes should be further investigated using molecular biology techniques to identify Cd resistant genes in wheat.

中文翻译：

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全基因组关联研究确定了小麦中五个新的镉吸收基因座

镉（Cd）毒性对未来的食品安全和健康安全构成严重威胁。为了确定导致小麦吸收Cd的遗传因素，我们进行了全基因组关联研究，并从90K SNP阵列进行了基因分型。在正常条件和镉胁迫（50 mg Cd / kg土壤）下种植春小麦多样性评估小组。Cd胁迫对农艺性状的影响范围从株高降低16％到谷物铁含量降低93％。个体基因型显示出Cd吸收和易位的显着变化，将小组分为三组：（1）超积累子（即高叶片_{_Cd}和低种子_{_Cd}），（2）超易位器（即低叶片_{_Cd}和高种子_{_Cd}），以及（3）中线（即低叶_{_Cd}和低种子_{_Cd}）。两条线（SKD-1和TD-1）在Cd胁迫下保持了最佳的谷物产量，因此被视为抗Cd线。全基因组关联确定了179个SNP-性状与各种性状的关联，其中16个Cd吸收的显着性水平为P  <.001。但是，在应用多次测试校正后，只有五个SNP才有意义。这些基因座与种子镉，谷物铁和谷物锌有关：qSCd-1A，qSCd-1D，qZn-2B1，qZn-2B2和qFe-6D。在先前报道的小麦中Cd吸收研究中尚未发现这五个基因座。应使用分子生物学技术进一步研究这些基因座和基础基因，以鉴定小麦中的Cd抗性基因。