Study of the climate in the Mediterranean basin during different historical periods has taken on a particular importance, particularly regarding its role (together with other factors) in the evolution of human settlement patterns. Although the Roman age is traditionally considered a period with a favourable climate, recent studies have revealed considerable complexity in terms of regional climate variations. In this paper, we compare the hydrological change from speleothem proxy records with flood reconstructions from archaeological sites for Northern Tuscany (central Italy). We identify a period of oscillating climatic conditions culminating in a multidecadal dry event during the 1st century bc, followed by a century of increased precipitation at the beginning of the Roman Empire and subsequently a return to drier conditions in the 2nd century ad. The period of rainfall increase documented by the speleothems agrees with both the archaeological flood record as well as historical flood data available for the Tiber River, ca. 300 km to the south. These data also suggest a return to wetter conditions following the 3nd and 4rd centuries ad.

中文翻译：

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鞘翅目记录和考古数据证明，托斯卡纳北部（意大利中部）的罗马气候最佳时期的水文变化

在不同历史时期对地中海盆地的气候进行研究具有特别重要的意义，特别是在其在人类住区模式演变中的作用（以及其他因素）方面。尽管传统上认为罗马时代是一个气候适宜的时期，但最近的研究表明，区域气候变化具有相当大的复杂性。在本文中，我们比较了蛇肢类代用记录的水文变化与托斯卡纳北部（意大利中部）考古遗址的洪水重建。我们确定一个时期的公元1世纪期间振荡的气候条件在multidecadal干大事的最终公元前，接着是罗马帝国成立一个世纪以来降水增加，随后在公元2世纪恢复了干旱。speleothems记录的降雨增加时期与考古洪水记录以及加利福尼亚州台伯河的历史洪水数据都一致。向南300公里。这些数据还表明，在第三个和第四个世纪之后，又恢复了湿润的状态。