A detailed geomorphological study was performed in the Atxurra‐Armiña cave system (northern Iberian Peninsula) to decode landscape evolution, palaeoenvironmental changes and human use of a cave within an Inner Archaeological Context. The results show an average incision rate of the river of <0.083 mm a^–1 for at least the last 419 ka, with interruptions due to sedimentary inputs. Moreover, allostratigraphic units comprising fluviokarstic deposits at the base and flowstone formation at the top have been shown to be climatically controlled, formed either during glacial–interglacial cycles or during interstadial cycles. Finally, when the cave was used by humans in the Late Magdalenian, the lower entrance was closed, and they must therefore have entered the cave through the upper entrance. To reach the sectors selected to decorate the panels, they probably travelled from the upper cave level, as the current crawlway was wider than today, according to our U/Th dating. Once these visitors reached the panels, the floor in the main gallery would have been around 15 cm lower than at present. However, the morphology of the conduit was similar; this has significant implications for understanding and interpreting the human use of the cave during the Palaeolithic.

中文翻译：

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从洞穴地貌到旧石器时代的人类行为：Atxurra-Armiña洞穴（伊比利亚北部半岛）的洞穴形成，古环境变化和考古洞察力

在Atxurra-Armiña洞穴系统（北伊比利亚半岛）中进行了详细的地貌研究，以解码景观的演变，古环境变化以及人类在内部考古环境中对洞穴的使用。结果显示，河流的平均切开率<0.083 mm a ^–1至少最后419 ka，由于沉积物输入而中断。此外，已经表明，在冰川-冰间旋回或陆际旋回期间形成的地层单元，包括底部的溶蚀性岩溶沉积物和顶部的流石形成都是受气候控制的。最终，当人类在玛格达琳时代后期使用该洞穴时，下部入口已关闭，因此他们必须通过上部入口进入该洞穴。根据我们的U / Th年代测算，为了到达选择用来装饰面板的扇区，它们可能从较高的洞穴高度移动，因为当前的爬行道比今天更宽。一旦这些访客到达面板，主画廊的地板将比现在低15厘米。然而，导管的形态是相似的。