The roof and spire of Notre‐Dame cathedral in Paris that caught fire and collapsed on 15 April 2019 were covered with 460 t of lead (Pb). Government reports documented Pb deposition immediately downwind of the cathedral and a twentyfold increase in airborne Pb concentrations at a distance of 50 km in the aftermath. For this study, we collected 100 samples of surface soil from tree pits, parks, and other sites in all directions within 1 km of the cathedral. Concentrations of Pb measured by X‐ray fluorescence range from 30 to 9,000 mg/kg across the area, with a higher proportion of elevated concentrations to the northwest of the cathedral, in the direction of the wind prevailing during the fire. By integrating these observations with a Gaussian process regression model, we estimate that the average concentration of Pb in surface soil downwind of the cathedral is 430 (95% interval, 300–590) mg/kg, nearly double the average Pb concentration in the other directions of 240 (95% interval, 170–320) mg/kg. The difference corresponds to an integrated excess Pb inventory within a 1 km radius of 1.0 (95% interval, 0.5–1.5) t, about 0.2% of all the Pb covering the roof and spire. This is over 6 times the estimated amount of Pb deposited downwind 1–50 km from the cathedral. To what extent the concentrated fallout within 1 km documented here temporarily exposed the downwind population to Pb is difficult to confirm independently because too few soil, dust, and blood samples were collected immediately after the fire.

中文翻译：

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2019 年巴黎圣母院火灾对巴黎造成的铅影响


2019 年 4 月 15 日起火并倒塌的巴黎圣母院屋顶和尖顶覆盖了 460 吨铅 (Pb)。政府报告记录了大教堂下风处的铅沉积，随后 50 公里处空气中的铅浓度增加了 20 倍。在这项研究中，我们从大教堂 1 公里范围内各个方向的树坑、公园和其他地点收集了 100 个表层土壤样本。通过 X 射线荧光测量，整个区域的铅浓度范围为 30 至 9,000 毫克/千克，其中大教堂西北部、火灾期间盛行风向的铅浓度比例较高。通过将这些观测结果与高斯过程回归模型相结合，我们估计大教堂顺风处表层土壤中的 Pb 平均浓度为 430（95% 区间，300-590）mg/kg，几乎是其他教堂的平均 Pb 浓度的两倍。 240（95%间隔，170-320）mg/kg的指示。该差异相当于 1 公里半径内 1.0（95% 区间，0.5-1.5）t 内的综合过量铅库存，约占覆盖屋顶和尖顶的所有铅的 0.2%。这是距大教堂 1 至 50 公里顺风处沉积的铅估计量的 6 倍多。这里记录的 1 公里范围内的集中沉降物在多大程度上暂时使顺风人口暴露于铅，很难独立确认，因为火灾发生后立即收集的土壤、灰尘和血液样本太少。