Geographic changes in pollinator species composition affect the corolla tube length of self‐heal ( Prunella vulgaris L.): Evidence from three elevational gradients,Ecological Research

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Geographic changes in pollinator species composition affect the corolla tube length of self‐heal ( Prunella vulgaris L.): Evidence from three elevational gradients
Ecological Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-23 , DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12146
Shin Egawa ₁ , Koyo Hirose ₁ , Takao Itino ₁

Affiliation

Funding information Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology of Japan (MEXT), Grant/Award Number: 15H02641; Global Environmental Research Fund of the Ministry of the Environment of Japan, Grant/Award Number: D-0904; Research and Education Funding for Japanese Alps Inter-Universities Cooperative Project from MEXT Abstract Geographic difference in pollinator fauna and variation in average pollinator size may lead to local adaptations of flower size that enhance pollen transfer efficiency. Here, we show that flower size (corolla tube length) of Prunella vulgaris varies both laterally and along elevational gradients, in parallel with local pollinator proboscis length. We measured geographic variation in corolla tube length and leaf length of P. vulgaris, and in proboscis length of its bumblebee pollinators, in 12 populations on three differentmountains. In estimating pollinator proboscis length, we considered both the average proboscis length of each bumblebee species and the species composition of bumblebees visiting P. vulgaris flowers. We then ascertained whether pollinator proboscis length, elevation itself, or resource availability (indicated by leaf length) correlated with corolla tube length. We found that the local pollinator species composition varied along elevation and among mountain areas, and this variation corresponded to geographic variation in the average pollinator proboscis length. Similarly, corolla tube length of P. vulgaris varied along elevation and among mountain areas. We found that the corolla tube length variationwas not associated with elevation itself or local resource availability butwas strongly associatedwith local pollinator average proboscis length. Although corolla tube length was generally shorter at higher elevation, it was relatively longer in some high-elevation populations, where bumblebees having long proboscis length (Bombus consobrinus and B. diversus) visited the flowers. Therefore, parallel changes in P. vulgaris corolla tube length and pollinator proboscis length occur across a wide geographic region in central Japan.

中文翻译：

传粉者物种组成的地理变化影响自愈花冠管长度（夏枯草L.）：来自三个海拔梯度的证据

资金信息日本文部科学省 (MEXT)，赠款/奖励编号：15H02641；日本环境省全球环境研究基金，资助/奖励编号：D-0904；文部科学省为日本阿尔卑斯山大学间合作项目提供研究和教育资金摘要传粉动物群的地理差异和平均传粉媒介大小的变化可能导致花朵大小的局部适应，从而提高花粉传递效率。在这里，我们表明夏枯草的花大小（花冠管长度）在横向和沿海拔梯度变化，与局部传粉媒介长鼻长度平行。我们测量了 P. vulgaris 的花冠管长度和叶子长度的地理差异，以及其大黄蜂传粉者的长鼻长度，在三个不同山脉的 12 个种群中。在估计传粉者的长鼻长度时，我们考虑了每个大黄蜂物种的平均长鼻长度和访问 P. vulgaris 花的大黄蜂的物种组成。然后我们确定传粉者的长鼻长度、海拔本身或资源可用性（由叶长度表示）是否与花冠管长度相关。我们发现当地传粉媒介物种组成随海拔和山区而变化，这种变化与平均传粉媒介长鼻长度的地理差异相对应。类似地，P. vulgaris 的花冠管长度随海拔和山区而变化。我们发现花冠管长度变化与海拔本身或当地资源可用性无关，但与当地传粉者平均长鼻长度密切相关。尽管在高海拔地区花冠管的长度通常较短，但在一些高海拔种群中相对较长，其中长喙长度的熊蜂（Bombus consobrinus 和 B. diversus）访问了花朵。因此，P. vulgaris 花冠管长度和传粉者长鼻长度的平行变化发生在日本中部的广阔地理区域。

更新日期：2020-07-23

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