Pollination structures plant and nectar‐feeding bird communities in Cape fynbos, South Africa: Implications for the conservation of plant–bird mutualisms,Ecological Research

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Pollination structures plant and nectar‐feeding bird communities in Cape fynbos, South Africa: Implications for the conservation of plant–bird mutualisms
Ecological Research ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-21 , DOI: 10.1111/1440-1703.12148
Sjirk Geerts ₁ , Anina Coetzee ₂ , Anthony G. Rebelo ₃ , Anton Pauw ₄

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With the current global concerns about pollinators, relationships between species interactions and diversity are pivotal. If pollinator communities depend strongly on the diversity of flowering plants and vice versa, anthropogenic influences—whether positive or negative—on one partner will cause changes in the other. Here we ask whether nectarivorous bird communities are structured by resource abundance (Proteaceae nectar) or Proteaceae diversity at different spatial scales in the Cape fynbos of South Africa. On a small spatial scale, we sampled 34 one‐hectare plots across the Cape Floristic Region (CFR) for flowering Proteaceae species, number of inflorescences, nectar volume, vegetation age, nectar‐feeding bird abundance and species richness. At small scale, nectar—rather than vegetation structure or plant community composition—was the most strongly correlated to nectar‐feeding bird diversity and abundance. On a landscape scale we investigated the spatio‐temporal flowering patterns of ornithophilous Proteaceae throughout the CFR. Similar flowering patterns—with a winter floral abundance peak—were found throughout the region, but Protea, Leucospermum and Mimetes showed complementary flowering periods. At large spatial scales ornithophilous Proteaceae species richness is strongly correlated—more so than plant or floral abundance—to the nectar‐feeding bird community. At large spatial scales resource diversity—and at a smaller scale resource abundance, shapes nectar‐feeding bird communities. Providing high volumes of nectar sugar throughout the year is key to restore the nectar‐feeding bird communities in small conservation areas.

中文翻译：

南非开普菲博斯的授粉结构植物和采食花蜜的鸟类群落：对保护植物-鸟类共生的意义

随着当前全球对传粉媒介的关注，物种相互作用与多样性之间的关系至关重要。如果授粉媒介社区强烈依赖于开花植物的多样性，反之亦然，那么对一个伙伴的人为影响（无论是正面的还是负面的）都会导致另一方的变化。在这里，我们询问在南非开普敦海角的不同空间尺度上，食肉鸟类群落是由资源丰富（Proteaceae nectar）还是Proteaceae多样性构成的。在较小的空间规模上，我们在佛得角角（CFR）上采样了34公顷的土地，以开花的变形杆菌科物种，花序数，花蜜量，植被年龄，花蜜饲喂的鸟类丰度和物种丰富度。在小范围内花蜜而不是植被结构或植物群落组成与花蜜摄食鸟类的多样性和丰度最相关。在景观尺度上，我们研究了整个病死率中食嗜角菌科的时空开花模式。在整个地区都发现了类似的开花模式-冬花丰度峰值，但是普罗梯亚木，白菊和Mimetes显示互补的开花期。在较大的空间尺度上，嗜食变形杆菌属的物种丰富度与以花蜜为食的鸟类群落紧密相关（比植物或花的丰度更高）。在较大的空间尺度上，资源多样性；在较小的尺度上，资源丰富，则形成了以花蜜为食的鸟类群落。全年提供大量的花蜜糖是恢复小型保护区以花蜜喂养的鸟类群落的关键。

更新日期：2020-09-23

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