Determining daily light integral (DLI) requirements for turfgrass systems has been an effective method to quantify photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) necessary to maintain quality turfgrass in a research setting. However, there has been little research estimating DLI requirements of popular turfgrass cultivars of zoysiagrass [Zoysia matrella (L.) Merr. and Z. japonica Steud.], hybrid bermudagrass [Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. × C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy], and common bermudagrass [C. dactylon (L.) Pers.] used for teeing grounds and fairways on golf courses. The objective of this research was to (a) determine minimum DLI requirements of two zoysiagrasses, ‘Cavalier’ (Z. japonica) and ‘Meyer’ (Z. matrella), and two bermudagrasses, common bermudagrass (cultivar unknown) and ‘Astro‐DLM’ hybrid bermudagrass; and (b) investigate methodology in rapidly estimating DLI requirements in situ at area golf courses for the same cultivars. Cultivars were evaluated under 22, 40, 60, and 90% shade in a field research setting over two seasons from August through October 2016 and May through October 2017. Turfgrass quality continued to decline over the 2‐yr trial, emphasizing importance of multi‐year evaluations encompassing cumulative effects of shade on turfgrass. Estimated minimum DLI requirements for turf quality of Astro‐DLM hybrid bermudagrass, common bermudagrass, Cavalier zoysiagrass, and Meyer zoysiagrass were 20.4, 25.9, 15.0, and 21.1 mol m⁻² d⁻¹, respectively. In situ evaluations at golf course sites accurately estimated DLI requirements for three of four cultivars in comparison to those obtained in field research setting. Established minimum DLI requirements determined for cultivars in this study provide a baseline for site specific turfgrass selection.

中文翻译：

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高尔夫球场球道温暖季节草皮草的每日光照积分要求和现场评估方法的研究

确定草皮系统的每日光积分（DLI）要求已成为量化在研究环境中维持优质草皮必需的光合有效辐射（PAR）的有效方法。但是，很少有研究来估计常见的草茅草（Zoysia matrella（L.）Merr。）对DLI的需求。和Z. japonica Steud。]，杂交百慕大草[ Cynodon dactylon（L.）Pers。× C. transvaalensis Burtt Davy]和普通的百慕大草[ C. dactylon（L.）Pers。]用于在高尔夫球场上发球。这项研究的目的是为了（a）确定两种结缕草（Cavalier）（Z. japonica）的最低DLI要求）和'Meyer'（Z. matrella），以及两种百慕大草，常见的百慕大草（品种未知）和'Astro-DLM'杂交百慕大草；（b）研究用于快速估计相同品种的区域高尔夫球场的DLI需求的方法。在2016年8月至2016年10月以及5月至2017年10月的两个季节中，对野草进行了22、40、60和90％的遮荫评估。在2年的试验中，草皮草的质量持续下降，强调了多品种的重要性一年的评估包括遮荫对草皮草的累积影响。估计的Astro‐DLM混合百慕大草，普通百慕大草，Cavalier zoysiagrass和Meyer zoysiagrass草坪质量的最低DLI要求为20.4、25.9、15.0和21.1 mol m ^-2 d ^-1， 分别。与现场研究相比，在高尔夫球场现场进行的现场评估可以准确估算出四个品种中三个品种的DLI要求。在本研究中确定的已确定的最低DLI要求为品种特定的草皮草提供了基准。