The flexible sponge/epoxy composite can wrap underwater artefacts in any shape and forms a protective shell after curing, thus effectively wrapping and reinforcing the artefacts. However, the hydroscopicity of the sponge itself limits the underwater application of the sponge/epoxy composite. In this study, a novel polyurethane sponge was prepared by modified with super‐hydrophobic multi‐wall carbon nanotubes (SH‐MWCNTs@PU sponge). Compared with the pristine PU sponge, the water‐contact angle on the surface of SH‐MWCNTs@PU sponges increased from 103.3 ± 1.82 to 152.6 ± 1.54^o, and oily epoxy resin was able to cover the surface completely. The study shows that when SH‐MWCNTs@PU sponges/epoxy resin composite material is used underwater, it prevents both water from entering the sponge and also the inside epoxy resin from overflowing into the water. Moreover, the composite materials have excellent toughness after reinforcement under water (flexural strength = 3.56 MPa) and the soft sponges can be moulded to wrap any type of underwater artefacts. In the laboratory, when taking a broken, three‐dimensional blue‐and‐white porcelain pot as a research subject, the entire retrieval process—temporary stabilization, packaging, extraction and reinforcement material removal—was simulated to evaluate systematically all the technological aspects of safely excavating fragile underwater relics.

中文翻译：

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在水下考古现场临时整理和包装易碎文物，以在提取过程中保持其原始状态

柔性海绵/环氧树脂复合材料可以包裹任何形状的水下人工制品，并在固化后形成保护壳，从而有效包裹和增强人工制品。然而，海绵本身的吸湿性限制了海绵/环氧复合材料在水下的应用。在这项研究中，通过用超疏水多壁碳纳米管（SH-MWCNTs @ PU海绵）改性制备了一种新型聚氨酯海绵。与原始PU海绵相比，SH‐MWCNTs @ PU海绵表面的水接触角从103.3±1.82增加到152.6±1.54 ^o，并且油性环氧树脂能够完全覆盖表面。研究表明，在水下使用SH‐MWCNTs @ PU海绵/环氧树脂复合材料时，它既可以防止水进入海绵，也可以防止内部环氧树脂溢出到水中。此外，该复合材料在水下加固后具有出色的韧性（抗弯强度= 3.56 MPa），并且可以将柔软的海绵成型以包裹任何类型的水下文物。在实验室中，以一个破碎的三维青花瓷锅为研究对象，对整个取回过程（临时稳定，包装，提取和加固材料的去除）进行了模拟，以系统地评估陶瓷的所有技术方面。安全地挖掘易碎的水下文物。