Mississippian mounds in the south‐eastern and mid‐continental United States often contain multiple construction stages and a diverse array of features. Investigating mound construction with excavation is expensive, logistically challenging, and sometimes politically impossible. Three mounds at the Angel site (12VG1), a Mississippian village (ca ad 1100–1450) in the lower Ohio River Valley, were investigated with non‐invasive geophysical and minimally invasive geoarchaeological methods. We compare the efficacy of two different ground‐penetrating radar (GPR) antenna frequencies (250 and 500 MHz) for detecting elements of mound construction previously identified with solid‐earth cores, magnetometry, and electrical resistance tomography. Solid‐earth cores provide stratigraphic information about mound layers and construction soils and materials with low horizontal spatial resolution. Surface magnetometry provides information on shallow features, such as buried building walls and floors at high resolution, but little information about depth. Radar profiles taken with 500 MHz and 250 MHz antennae were evaluated to determine which antenna frequencies are most suitable for detecting features and strata that had been documented using the other methods. Utilizing the solid‐earth cores for velocity correlations, the 500 MHz antenna provided the most useful information about prehistoric structures near the mound surface, but was limited by its relatively shallow penetration depth. The 250 MHz antenna was not able to resolve shallow features as clearly as the 500 MHz antenna. However, it was able to detect possible interior mound platforms and features, although without providing many details about possible buried structures. In combination, GPR, solid‐earth cores, and magnetometry provided new information about the construction of mounds at the Angel site.

中文翻译：

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与实心铁心和磁力计的数据相比，评估探地雷达天线性能以调查密西西比丘陵构造

美国东南部和中部大陆的密西西比丘陵通常包含多个施工阶段和多种特征。用挖掘调查土墩的建造是昂贵的，后勤上具有挑战性，有时在政治上是不可能的。密西西比州一个村庄天使遗址（12VG1）上的三个土墩（ca ad俄亥俄州下游河谷地区（1100–1450），采用非侵入性地球物理方法和微侵入性地球考古方法进行了调查。我们比较了两种不同的探地雷达（GPR）天线频率（250和500 MHz）在检测以前用实心铁心，磁力计和电阻层析成像技术识别的土墩构造元素时的功效。实心岩心提供水平空间分辨率低的土墩层，建筑土壤和材料的地层信息。表面磁力计可提供有关浅层特征的信息，例如高分辨率的地下建筑物的墙壁和地板，而有关深度的信息则很少。评估了使用500 MHz和250 MHz天线获取的雷达剖面，以确定哪些天线频率最适合用于检测使用其他方法记录的特征和地层。500 MHz天线利用实心岩心进行速度相关分析，提供了有关土堆表面附近史前结构的最有用信息，但受到相对较浅的穿透深度的限制。250 MHz天线无法像500 MHz天线那样清晰地分辨浅层特征。然而，尽管没有提供有关可能的掩埋结构的许多细节，但它仍能够检测出可能的内部土丘平台和特征。结合使用GPR，实心铁心和磁力计，可以提供有关Angel遗址土墩构造的新信息。