Abstract In the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, over 500 million tons of copper rich rock were removed from mines and treated in chemical baths to extract copper. Toxic substances have been seeping into the watersheds from the resultant waste stamp sands. Recent work on developing a circular economy using recycled plastic for distributed manufacturing technologies has proven promising, and this study investigates the potential to use this approach to form stamp sand and acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) composites. Specifically, this study found the maximum amount of stamp sand that was able to be added to waste ASA by mass with a single auger recyclebot system for compounding was below 40%. The mechanical properties of the composite were evaluated up to 40%, and the addition of stamp sand reduced the material's ultimate tensile strength by about half compared to the strength of raw recycled ASA, regardless of the percent stamp sand in the composite. However, this strength reduction plateaus and the tensile strength of the ASA and stamp sand composites can be compared favorably with acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) at any level. This makes waste ASA- stamp sand composites potential replacements for outdoor applications of ABS as well as some current ASA applications. These results are promising and call for future work to evaluate the technical, economic and environmental potential for waste ASA - stamp sand composites.

中文翻译：

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3-D 打印混合制造和压印砂和丙烯腈苯乙烯丙烯酸酯废物复合材料注射成型的分布式回收潜力

摘要 在密歇根州上半岛，超过 5 亿吨富铜岩石被从矿山中取出并在化学浴中处理以提取铜。有毒物质已从由此产生的废砂中渗入流域。最近使用再生塑料进行分布式制造技术发展循环经济的工作已被证明是有希望的，本研究调查了使用这种方法形成压印砂和丙烯腈苯乙烯丙烯酸酯 (ASA) 复合材料的潜力。具体而言，该研究发现，使用单个螺旋钻回收机器人系统进行复合时，能够添加到废物 ASA 中的最大压砂量低于 40%。复合材料的力学性能评价高达 40%，而印模的加入降低了材料的“ 与未加工的再生 ASA 的强度相比，其极限拉伸强度大约降低了一半，无论复合材料中的压砂百分比如何。然而，这种强度降低平台和 ASA 和冲压砂复合材料的拉伸强度在任何水平上都可以与丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯 (ABS) 相比。这使得废弃的 ASA 压模砂复合材料成为 ABS 户外应用以及一些当前 ASA 应用的潜在替代品。这些结果很有希望，并呼吁未来开展工作来评估废弃 ASA - 压砂复合材料的技术、经济和环境潜力。这种强度降低平台以及 ASA 和冲压砂复合材料的拉伸强度在任何水平上都可以与丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯 (ABS) 相媲美。这使得废弃的 ASA 压模砂复合材料成为 ABS 户外应用以及一些当前 ASA 应用的潜在替代品。这些结果很有希望，并呼吁未来开展工作来评估废弃 ASA - 压砂复合材料的技术、经济和环境潜力。这种强度降低平台以及 ASA 和冲压砂复合材料的拉伸强度在任何水平上都可以与丙烯腈丁二烯苯乙烯 (ABS) 相媲美。这使得废弃的 ASA 压模砂复合材料成为 ABS 户外应用以及一些当前 ASA 应用的潜在替代品。这些结果很有希望，并呼吁未来开展工作来评估废弃 ASA - 压砂复合材料的技术、经济和环境潜力。