Abstract Information and communication technologies (ICT) have emerged as one of the leading technologies to reduce global emissions, particularly in the mobility sector. Automotive electronics, such as sensors/actuators and microcontrollers (commonly known as electronic control units (ECU) which control one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a vehicle), play a key role in ICT. Sensors/actuators are key in electronic ICT devices, starting with the data collection and data communication with the internet. The latest two big trends of electrification and automation in vehicles, are projected to increase the use of worldwide automotive sensors from 7.5 billion units in 2017 to 11.0 billion units by the year 2024. A representative state-of-the art automotive sensor system, (i.e., an ultrasonic backup system), including the ECUs controlling the vehicle electrical systems/subsystems, has been considered to estimate the energy footprint in terms of manufacturing and operational energy of global automotive sensors use. A widely used life cycle energy assessment method (i.e., cumulative energy demand) was used as both direct and indirect (including the extraction, manufacturing, and disposal of the raw and auxiliary materials) energy use can be considered for the energy footprint estimation. The embodied manufacturing energy impacts of the system was estimated to be 559 MJ/system, compared to the 417 MJ/system for lifetime system power and additional gasoline use. The share of purchased energy to the embodied energy where the upstream energy isn't included in the former case, is less than 10% and ~ 85% for the component manufacturing and vehicle operation energy uses, respectively. As the purpose of this ultrasonic backup system is to prevent rear crashes, an estimated 1.0 MJ/system is avoided from reduced lifetime vehicular repairs (from an estimated 11% chance of requiring a rear bumper replacement). While all of this is small compared to the overall automotive manufacturing and use energy, the 11 billion automotive sensors expected to be produced in 2024 could require 1540 PJ for manufacturing and those sensors would require an additional 780–1150 PJ for lifetime energy use.

中文翻译：

---

汽车电子传感器的能源足迹

摘要 信息和通信技术 (ICT) 已成为减少全球排放的领先技术之一，尤其是在移动领域。汽车电子产品，例如传感器/执行器和微控制器（通常称为电子控制单元 (ECU)，用于控制车辆中的一个或多个电气系统或子系统）在 ICT 中发挥着关键作用。从数据收集和与互联网的数据通信开始，传感器/执行器是电子 ICT 设备的关键。汽车电气化和自动化的最新两大趋势，预计全球汽车传感器的使用量将从 2017 年的 75 亿个增加到 2024 年的 110 亿个。即，超声波备用系统），包括控制车辆电气系统/子系统的 ECU，已被考虑在全球汽车传感器使用的制造和运行能源方面估计能源足迹。一种广泛使用的生命周期能源评估方法（即累积能源需求）被用作直接和间接（包括原材料和辅助材料的提取、制造和处置）能源使用可以被考虑用于能源足迹估计。该系统的隐含制造能源影响估计为 559 MJ/系统，而对于终生系统功率和额外的汽油使用则为 417 MJ/系统。上游能源不包括在前一种情况下，外购能源占隐含能源的份额，部件制造和车辆运行能源使用分别低于 10% 和 ~85%。由于此超声波备用系统的目的是防止后部碰撞，因此估计可避免 1.0 MJ/系统因减少车辆终生维修而产生的损失（估计有 11% 的几率需要更换后保险杠）。尽管与整个汽车制造和使用能源相比，所有这些都很小，但预计 2024 年生产的 110 亿个汽车传感器可能需要 1540 PJ 用于制造，而这些传感器将需要额外的 780-1150 PJ 用于终生能源使用。0 MJ/系统避免了减少的车辆终身维修（估计有 11% 的机会需要更换后保险杠）。尽管与整个汽车制造和使用能源相比，所有这些都很小，但预计 2024 年生产的 110 亿个汽车传感器可能需要 1540 PJ 用于制造，而这些传感器将需要额外的 780-1150 PJ 用于终生能源使用。0 MJ/系统避免了车辆终生维修的减少（估计有 11% 的机会需要更换后保险杠）。尽管与整个汽车制造和使用能源相比，所有这些都很小，但预计 2024 年生产的 110 亿个汽车传感器可能需要 1540 PJ 用于制造，而这些传感器将需要额外的 780-1150 PJ 用于终生能源使用。