Abstract The efficient recycling of discarded batteries for critical metals such as cobalt and lithium is necessary to reduce environmental pollution and to mitigate the resource scarcity. In this work, electrode sheets of discarded batteries were crushed without manual separation, sieved, followed by microwave exposure. Dielectric properties and microwave response of electrode materials were investigated at 800 W, 2.45 GHz. Mixed electrode material possesses good microwave absorbing properties, and microwave exposure of mixed electrode material resulted in the reduction of cathode material and significant enrichment of metallic values. The product of microwave exposure at 900 W, 8 min comprises Co: 59.2%, Mn: 15.2%, Ni: 9.07%, O: 16.53% in the form of Co, CoO, MnO, Mn3O4, and Ni. The effect of microwave exposure on citric acid leaching showed enhanced metal dissolution with Li, Co, Mn, Ni extraction of 94, 90, 98, 98%, respectively. The microwave-exposure of mixed electrode material followed by organic acid leaching is effective for recycling of spent lithium-ion batteries based on product purity, metal extraction, energy, and cost considerations.

中文翻译：

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原位微波还原废旧锂离子电池金属回收的评价

摘要 为了减少环境污染和缓解资源短缺，有必要对废弃电池进行有效回收，以获取钴和锂等关键金属。在这项工作中，废弃电池的电极片在没有人工分离的情况下被压碎，过筛，然后进行微波照射。在 800 W、2.45 GHz 下研究了电极材料的介电特性和微波响应。混合电极材料具有良好的微波吸收性能，混合电极材料的微波暴露导致阴极材料的减少和金属值的显着富集。900W、8分钟微波暴露的产物包含Co：59.2%、Mn：15.2%、Ni：9.07%、O：16.53%，以Co、CoO、MnO、Mn3O4和Ni的形式存在。微波暴露对柠檬酸浸出的影响表明，Li、Co、Mn、Ni 的萃取率分别为 94%、90%、98%、98%，从而增强了金属溶解。基于产品纯度、金属提取、能量和成本考虑，混合电极材料的微波暴露然后有机酸浸出对于废锂离子电池的回收是有效的。