Monitoring structural vibration can provide quantitative information for both structural health evaluations and early-warning maintenance. The most classic vibration-based structural health monitoring is equipped with piezoelectric accelerometers, which is expensive and inconvenient due to cumbersome and time-consuming sensor installation and high power-consumptive data acquisition systems. One other main challenge with these systems is the inherent limitations for multi-point monitoring in critical elements with curvature due to their non-conformability. Here, inspired by the chameleon, we report a cost-effective, flexible and conformal, self-powered vibration sensor based on elasto-electro-chemical synergistic effect of piezoelectricity and electrochromism. The sensor can provide not only in-situ visualization, but also ex-situ recording of structural vibration due to the non-volatile color memory effect of electrochromism. The passive sensor system is composed of two distinct electronic components — ternary Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃PbTiO₃ piezoelectric single crystal ribbon sensors and a solid-state tungsten trioxide electrochromic indicator driven by vibration-induced voltage generated by the piezoelectric ribbons. The proposed piezo-electrochromic based passive non-volatile visualization sensor may find diverse applications in structural health monitoring, smart wallpapers, and medical injury rehabilitation.

监测结构振动可以为结构健康评估和预警维护提供定量信息。最经典的基于振动的结构健康监控器配备了压电加速度计，由于传感器安装繁琐且耗时且高功耗数据采集系统，价格昂贵且不便。这些系统的另一个主要挑战是由于曲折性的不一致性，对具有曲率的关键元素进行多点监视存在固有的局限性。在这里，受变色龙的启发，我们报告了一种基于压电和电致变色现象的弹电电化学协同效应的经济高效，灵活且保形的自供电振动传感器。该传感器不仅可以提供原位可视化，而且由于电致变色的非易失性彩色记忆效应，还可以异位记录结构振动。无源传感器系统由两个不同的电子组件组成-三元Pb（In _1/2 Nb _1/2）O ₃ Pb（Mg _1/3 Nb _2/3）O ₃ PbTiO ₃压电单晶带传感器态的三氧化钨电致变色指示器受压电带产生的振动感应电压驱动。所提出的基于压电电致变色的被动式非易失性可视化传感器可以在结构健康监测，智能墙纸和医疗伤害康复中找到各种应用。