Algae are fast-growing, microscopic, and eukaryotic organisms that can perform photosynthesis, and simultaneously fix atmospheric CO₂. Algal cells contain high quantity of biofuel precursors such as starch and lipid granules. In the past decades, microalgal biomass has emerged as a potential feedstock for bioenergy generation. In the current scenario, it is being extensively explored to produce liquid (bioethanol, biodiesel) and gaseous (biomethane, biohydrogen) fuels. Algal technology has four crucial aspects including strain selection and its cultivation, harvesting techniques, conversion routes, and pretreatment of biomass. The quality and quantity of biomass, available media source, cultivation system as well as environmental conditions collectively help in the selection of the specific algal strain. Despite several in-depth attempts, there are various hurdles and limitations to make algal biofuel technically and economically viable. To meet the operational and economic feasibility, a collective approach is desirable. The present state-of-the-art review deals with all four crucial aspects of algal technology. The manuscript especially covers the significant methods of harvesting, energy conversion, and pretreatment. Moreover, it also revels the advantage of biological agent mediated harvesting, energy conversion and the pretreatment of algal biomass for sustainable biofuel recovery. The prime objective of this review is to give an insight into the aspects of algal technology to promote collective research in the area of algal biofuel.

藻类是快速生长的，微观的真核生物，可以进行光合作用，同时固定大气中的CO _2。。藻类细胞含有大量的生物燃料前体，例如淀粉和脂质颗粒。在过去的几十年中，微藻生物质已成为生物能源生产的潜在原料。在目前的情况下，正在广泛探索生产液体（生物乙醇，生物柴油）和气态（生物甲烷，生物氢）燃料。藻类技术具有四个关键方面，包括菌株的选择及其培养，收获技术，转化途径以及生物量的预处理。生物质的质量和数量，可用的培养基来源，栽培系统以及环境条件共同有助于选择特定的藻种。尽管进行了数次深入尝试，但是使藻类生物燃料在技术上和经济上可行仍存在各种障碍和限制。为了满足操作和经济可行性，需要一种集体方法。当前最新的综述涉及藻类技术的所有四个关键方面。该手稿特别涵盖了重要的收获，能量转化和预处理方法。此外，它还展示了生物剂介导的收割，能量转换和藻类生物质预处理以实现可持续生物燃料回收的优势。这篇综述的主要目的是深入了解藻类技术的各个方面，以促进藻类生物燃料领域的集体研究。此外，它还展示了生物剂介导的收获，能量转换和藻类生物质预处理对可持续生物燃料回收的优势。这篇综述的主要目的是深入了解藻类技术的各个方面，以促进藻类生物燃料领域的集体研究。此外，它还展示了生物剂介导的收割，能量转换和藻类生物质预处理以实现可持续生物燃料回收的优势。这篇综述的主要目的是深入了解藻类技术的各个方面，以促进藻类生物燃料领域的集体研究。