Extreme ground behaviour in high-stress rock masses such as rockburst prone and squeezing ground conditions are encountered in a range of underground projects both in civil and mining applications. The occurrence of such ground behaviour types are difficult to predict and special design and construction measures must be taken to control them. Determining the most appropriate support system in such grounds is one of the major challenges for ground control engineers because there are many contributing factors to be considered, such as the rock mass parameters, the stress condition, the type and performance of the support systems, the condition of major geological structures and the size and geometry of the underground excavation. The main characteristics and support requirements of rockburst-prone and squeezing ground conditions are herein critically reviewed and characteristics of support functions are discussed. Different types of energy-absorbing rockbolts and other support elements applicable for ground support in burst-prone and squeezing grounds are introduced. Important differences in the choice and economics of ground support strategies in high-stress ground conditions between civil tunnels and mining excavations are discussed. Ground support benchmarking data and mitigation measures for mines and civil tunnels in burst-prone, squeezing and heavily swelling grounds conditions are briefly presented by some examples in practice.

在土木工程和采矿业的一系列地下项目中，都遇到了高应力岩体中极端的地面行为，例如容易发生岩爆和挤压地面的情况。这种地面行为类型的发生很难预测，必须采取特殊的设计和施工措施来控制它们。在这样的地面上确定最合适的支撑系统是地面控制工程师面临的主要挑战之一，因为要考虑的因素很多，例如岩体参数，应力条件，支撑系统的类型和性能，主要地质结构的条件以及地下挖掘的大小和几何形状。本文对岩爆易发和挤压地面条件的主要特征和支撑要求进行了严格审查，并讨论了支撑功能的特征。介绍了适用于易爆和挤压地面中的地面支撑的不同类型的能量吸收式锚杆和其他支撑元件。讨论了民用隧道和采矿开挖在高应力地面条件下地面支持策略选择和经济方面的重要差异。在实践中，通过一些实例简要介绍了在易爆，挤压和大面积膨胀地面条件下的地雷和民用隧道的地面支持基准数据和缓解措施。介绍了适用于易爆和挤压地面中的地面支撑的不同类型的能量吸收式锚杆和其他支撑元件。讨论了民用隧道和采矿开挖在高应力地面条件下地面支持策略选择和经济方面的重要差异。在实践中，通过一些实例简要介绍了在易爆，挤压和大面积膨胀地面条件下的地雷和民用隧道的地面支持基准数据和缓解措施。介绍了适用于易爆和挤压地面中的地面支撑的不同类型的能量吸收式锚杆和其他支撑元件。讨论了民用隧道和采矿开挖在高应力地面条件下地面支持策略选择和经济方面的重要区别。在实践中，通过一些实例简要介绍了在易爆，挤压和严​​重膨胀地面条件下的地雷和民用隧道的地面支持基准数据和缓解措施。