Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration has been increasing in the last two decades and, as a major greenhouse gas, it has been linked to global warming and climate changes. Capture and conversion of CO₂ into fuels and chemicals offer opportunities to mitigate the increasing CO₂ buildup, while simultaneously adding value to CO₂. The main limitation in CO₂ conversion is its high thermodynamic stability, thus requiring catalysts and energy input to drive the transformation. In this minireview, we will discuss specific reaction pathways, mainly via catalytic hydrogenation and tandem processes for CO₂ conversion in hydrocarbons, olefins, aromatics, and alcohols. Most steps have been studied extensively, but there are still significant challenges in developing active, selective, and stable catalysts for CO₂ conversion and upgrade into molecules containing two or more carbons (C₂₊) suitable for large-scale CO₂ valorization processes.

在过去的二十年中，大气中的二氧化碳浓度一直在增加，作为主要的温室气体，它与全球变暖和气候变化有关。CO _2的捕集并将其转化为燃料和化学物质提供了缓解增加的CO ₂积累的机会，同时又为CO ₂增加了价值。CO ₂转化的主要限制是其高热力学稳定性，因此需要催化剂和能量输入来驱动转化。在此小型复习中，我们将讨论特定的反应途径，主要是通过催化加氢和串联工艺进行的CO ₂转化为碳氢化合物，烯烃，芳烃和醇。已经对大多数步骤进行了广泛的研究，但是在开发用于CO ₂转化的活性，选择性和稳定催化剂以及升级为适用于大规模CO ₂增值过程的包含两个或多个碳（C ₂₊）的分子方面，仍然存在重大挑战。