The presence of recalcitrant synthetic dyes in environment is a major concern due to their possible threat on living organisms and aquatic ecosystems. To investigate the potential of combined thermal and enzymatic decolorization, betaine was applied to protect the secondary and tertiary structures as well as the enzymatic activity of laccase under thermal stress. At 60 °C, betaine 1 M significantly enhanced the stability of laccase in addition to keeping its catalytic efficiency (p < 0.05). Differential scanning calorimetry showed a 20 °C increase in ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathrm{m}}$ of laccase in the presence of betaine. Once incubated at 60 °C, betaine exhibited superior protein-stabilizing properties than at 25 °C. Furthermore, fluorescence spectroscopy supported this concept that the overall folded structure of laccase became more rigid in the presence of betaine at 60 °C. Betaine-stabilized laccase was used for combined thermal and enzymatic decolorization of some recalcitrant organic dyes. This osmolyte could improve the enzymatic removal of most dyes at 60 °C. A detoxification study with respect to the inhibition of bacterial growth showed a decrease in microtoxicity of the laccase-treated dye solution in the presence of betaine at 60 °C.

由于难降解合成染料对生物体和水生生态系统可能造​​成威胁，因此环境中难降解合成染料的存在是一个主要问题。为了研究热和酶法脱色组合的潜力，将甜菜碱用于保护二级和三级结构以及在热胁迫下漆酶的酶活性。在60°C时，甜菜碱1 M除了保持催化效率外，还大大增强了漆酶的稳定性（p <0.05）。差示扫描量热法显示出20°C${\mathit{Ť}}_{\mathrm{米}}$甜菜碱存在下的漆酶的提取。一旦在60°C下孵育，甜菜碱比在25°C下表现出优异的蛋白质稳定特性。此外，荧光光谱法支持这种观念，即在60°C的甜菜碱存在下，漆酶的整体折叠结构变得更加坚硬。甜菜碱稳定的漆酶用于某些顽固有机染料的热和酶法脱色。这种渗透液可以提高大多数染料在60°C下的酶促去除率。关于抑制细菌生长的解毒研究表明，在60°C的甜菜碱存在下，漆酶处理的染料溶液的微毒性降低。