From mobile hunter-gatherers to a series of state societies, Mediterranean climate regions (MED) around the world have been critical areas for human and biological evolution for millennia. Comprised of five regions on six continents, the MED are important today for human settlement, global food production, transportation, industry, and tourism, but these regions are also extremely vulnerable to projected changes in their typically temperate climate towards more extreme conditions. Researchers and strategists are exploring the implications of these changes for present and future societies, but there has been limited comparative synthesis of past human responses to environmental and climatic change in the global MED and how these data may help prepare and plan for projected changes in the future. This review synthesizes archaeological and paleoenvironmental data, focusing on key demographic, social, economic, and cultural developments that occurred alongside and often in response to past climate and environmental disruption. Past climatic change influenced broader socio-environmental systems, in some cases acting as a driver of population collapse, large-scale abandonment, migration, and socio-political upheaval. These deep time data illustrate the importance of understanding Pleistocene-Holocene human-environmental interactions, land use, and climate change to help evaluate and plan for contemporary and projected environmental change.

从移动式狩猎采集者到一系列州社会，全世界的地中海气候区（MED）都是人类和生物进化数千年的重要领域。MED由六大洲的五个地区组成，今天对于人类住区，全球粮食生产，运输，工业和旅游业至关重要，但是这些地区也极易受到其通常温带气候向更极端条件的预期变化的影响。研究人员和策略师正在探索这些变化对当今和未来社会的影响，但全球MED中过去人类对环境和气候变化的反应的比较综合比较有限，这些数据如何帮助准备和计划预期的变化。未来。这篇综述综合了考古和古环境数据，重点关注了人口统计，社会，经济和文化发展动态，这些动态与过去的气候和环境破坏同时发生，并且常常是由于过去的气候和环境破坏而发生的。过去的气候变化影响了更广泛的社会-环境系统，在某些情况下是人口崩溃，大规模抛弃，移民和社会政治动荡的驱动力。这些深入的数据说明了了解更新世-全新世人类环境相互作用，土地利用和气候变化对帮助评估和规划当代和计划中的环境变化的重要性。过去的气候变化影响了更广泛的社会-环境系统，在某些情况下是人口崩溃，大规模抛弃，移民和社会政治动荡的驱动力。这些深入的数据说明了了解更新世-全新世人类环境相互作用，土地利用和气候变化的重要性，以帮助评估和规划当代和预期的环境变化。过去的气候变化影响了更广泛的社会-环境系统，在某些情况下是人口崩溃，大规模抛弃，移民和社会政治动荡的驱动力。这些深入的数据说明了了解更新世-全新世人类环境相互作用，土地利用和气候变化的重要性，以帮助评估和规划当代和预期的环境变化。