The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) strongly emphasizes that all water polluting sectors must enhance the protection of water bodies in a cost-effective way. River Basin Management Plans need to be made to achieve a good environmental status for all water bodies by 2027 at the latest. This article examines three principal water protection measures used in forestry: buffer zones, overland flow fields and sedimentation ponds. We analytically develop marginal abatement cost functions for each of these measures and apply them numerically for the Finnish forestry. We find that the marginal abatement costs of nutrients using buffer zones in clear-cut mineral soil forests are very high, as they entail leaving financially mature and uncut trees. In contrast, the marginal costs of using overland flow fields in conjunction with ditch cleaning and clear-cutting in peatlands are very low. Furthermore, for sediments using overland flow fields as a water protection measure entails significantly lower abatement costs than does using sedimentation ponds in conjunction with ditch cleaning in peatland forests. A cost-effective solution in a river basin entails that the highest nutrient reductions are made in agriculture but that forestry also does its share. A cost-effective allocation of abatement measures entails that the proportions of the overall nutrient reduction are 3% (1%) in forestry and 97% (99%) in agriculture when the reduction target is set as 10% (30%).

欧洲水框架指令（WFD）强烈强调，所有水污染部门都必须以具有成本效益的方式加强对水体的保护。需要制定流域管理计划，最迟在2027年之前实现所有水体的良好环境状况。本文研究了林业中使用的三种主要的水保护措施：缓冲区，陆上流场和沉淀池。我们分析性地开发了每种措施的边际减排成本函数，并将其数值应用到芬兰林业中。我们发现，在明晰的矿质土壤森林中使用缓冲带来减少养分的边际成本非常高，因为它们需要留下经济成熟和未砍伐的树木。相反，在泥炭地中，使用陆上流场结合沟渠清洁和清挖的边际成本非常低。此外，对于使用陆上流场作为水保护措施的沉积物，与在泥炭地森林中结合使用池塘进行沟渠清理相比，其减排成本大大降低。在流域中，一种具有成本效益的解决方案需要在农业中最大程度地减少养分，但林业也应尽其所能。以划算的方式分配减排措施意味着，当减少目标设定为10％（30％）时，林业中营养素减少的总比例为3％（1％），农业中为97％（99％）。对于使用陆上流场作为水保护措施的沉积物，与在泥炭地森林中使用沉积池结合沟渠清洁相比，其减排成本大大降低。在流域中，一种具有成本效益的解决方案需要在农业中最大程度地减少养分，但林业也应尽其所能。以划算的方式分配减排措施意味着，当减少目标设定为10％（30％）时，林业中营养素减少的总比例为3％（1％），农业中为97％（99％）。对于使用陆上流场作为水保护措施的沉积物，与在泥炭地森林中使用沉积池结合沟渠清洁相比，其减排成本大大降低。在流域中，一种具有成本效益的解决方案需要在农业中最大程度地减少养分，但林业也应尽其所能。以划算的方式分配减排措施意味着，当减少目标设定为10％（30％）时，林业中营养素减少的总比例为3％（1％），农业中为97％（99％）。