The posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) plays pivotal roles in cognitive, social and emotional processing, as well as early neural development that supports complex interactions among different neural networks. Alterations in its local and long-range connectivity during resting state are often implicated in neuropathology of neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). ASD is characterized by social and communication deficits, as well as restricted and repetitive behaviors and interests. Individuals with ASD demonstrate persistent disturbances in cognitive and social-emotional functioning, and their PCC exhibits both local and long-range resting state abnormalities compared to typically developing healthy controls. In terms of regional metrics, only the dorsal part of the PCC showed local underconnectivity. As to long-range connectivity measures, the most replicated finding in ASD studies is the reduced functional coupling between the PCC and medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC), which may represent a core neuropathology of ASD unrelated to medication effects. Functional importance of these resting state abnormalities to ASD and directions of future study are discussed at the end of this chapter.

后扣带回皮质（PCC）在认知，社交和情感加工以及支持不同神经网络之间复杂相互作用的早期神经发育中起着关键作用。静息状态下其局部和远距离连通性的改变通常与神经发育障碍（例如自闭症谱系障碍（ASD））的神经病理学有关。自闭症的特征是社交和沟通上的缺陷，以及受限和重复的行为和利益。患有自闭症的人表现出持续的认知和社交情绪功能紊乱，与典型的健康对照组相比，他们的PCC表现出局部和长期的静息状态异常。就区域度量而言，仅PCC的背侧部分显示局部连接不足。关于远程连接性测量，ASD研究中最重复的发现是PCC和内侧前额叶皮层（MPFC）之间的功能耦合降低，这可能代表了与药物作用无关的ASD的核心神经病理学。这些静止状态异常对ASD的功能重要性以及未来研究的方向在本章末尾进行了讨论。