Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a set of pervasive neurodevelopmental disorders. The causation is multigenic in most cases, which makes it difficult to model the condition in vitro. Advances in pluripotent stem cell technology has made it possible to generate in vitro models of human brain development. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from somatic cells and have the ability to differentiate to all of the body's cells. This chapter aims to give an overview of the iPSC technology for generating neural cells and cerebral organoids as models for neurodevelopment and how these models are utilized in the study of ASD. The combination of iPSC technology and the genetic modification tool CRISPR/Cas9 is described, and current limitations and future perspectives of iPSC technology is discussed.

自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种普遍存在的神经发育障碍。在大多数情况下，该原因是多基因的，这使得很难在体外对疾病进行建模。多能干细胞技术的进步使体外产生成为可能人类大脑发育的模型。诱导多能干细胞（iPSC）可以从体细胞中产生，并具有分化为人体所有细胞的能力。本章旨在概述用于生成神经细胞和脑类器官作为神经发育模型的iPSC技术，以及如何在ASD研究中利用这些模型。描述了iPSC技术与遗传修饰工具CRISPR / Cas9的组合，并讨论了iPSC技术的当前局限性和未来前景。