We undertake a detailed analysis of three ‘epistemic’ approaches to symmetries, due, respectively, to Ismael and van Fraassen, Caulton, and Dasgupta. Finding faults with each, we proceed to develop our own epistemic approach to symmetries. Having done so, we present a concern regarding all epistemic accounts: they render the notion of a symmetry transformation redundant as a tool for metaphysical theorising about scientific theories.

中文翻译：

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冗余的认知对称

我们对三种对称的“流行病”方法进行了详细的分析，这分别归因于Ismael和van Fraassen，Caulton和Dasgupta。在发现每种缺陷的同时，我们继续发展我们自己的对称方法。这样做之后，我们对所有的认识论提出了关注：它们使对称变换的概念成为多余的对称性，成为科学理论的形而上学理论的工具。