The people of Kashmir customarily practice traditional medicines for curing various ailments. 3 nutritious herbs; Melissa officinalis L (Lamiaceae, MO), Taraxacum officinale L (Compositae, TO), and Urtica dioica L (Urticaceae, UD) were selected based on their ingestion as a folklore remedy for treating various illness, including infections, inflammation, and cancer. We aimed to scientifically validate their indigenous usage. Plant extracts were prepared by extraction in 95% methanol and subjected to qualitative phytochemical screening, total phenolic (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). In vitro, antioxidant and antiproliferative activities were determined. For in vivo study; 56 Wister rats were randomly assorted into 8 groups. Rats in the control group received saline, toxicity group received Acetaminophen/paracetamol (APAP, 2 g/kg b.w) orally for 7 days. Treatment groups received 300 mg/kg of MO, TO, or UD, respectively for 7 days after APAP (2 g/kg b.w) administration. Serum inflammation markers, antioxidant parameters, and histopathology were investigated. The GC–MS of methanol extracts indicated 16 compounds in MO (21.6% 1-nitro-β-d-arabinofuranos, as major compound), 19 compounds in TO (30.06% rutin, as major compound) and 15 compounds in UD (29.86% saponin, as major compound). TO exhibited more significant antiradical capacity in DPPH assay (IC₅₀ 29.6 ± 1.12 µg/mL) and antioxidant activity in CUPRAC assay (889.34 ± 5.65 μM Trolox/g DW of extract) compared to MO (657.77 ± 5.21) and UD (534.45 ± 4.56). MO, TO and UD exhibited potent anti-proliferative potency against HT 29 and HCT 116 cancer cells, while no cytotoxicity against normal Vero cell lines. MO, TO, and UD ameliorated (p < 0.001) APAP-induced hepatotoxicity by improving elevated ALT, AST, and ALP levels and significantly (p < 0.001) decreasing TNF-α and IL-6 levels in serum. Histological examinations confirmed the biochemical findings. The present study confirmed the scientific basis for the application of (selected) medicinal herbs (studied). Plant extracts revealed antioxidant and hepatoprotective potential against APAP-induced liver injury. Further investigations to understand the mechanism of action and use in clinical trials is recommended.

克什米尔人民习惯于使用传统药物来治疗各种疾病。3种营养草药；梅利莎（Melissa officinalis L，密苏里州（Lamiaceae），蒲公英（Topositaxum L，compositae，TO）和荨麻（Urtica dioica L）（Urticaceae，UD）是根据它们的摄入量选择的，作为治疗各种疾病（包括感染，炎症和癌症）的民俗疗法。我们旨在科学地验证他们的本地使用情况。通过在95％甲醇中提取来制备植物提取物，并进行定性植物化学筛选，总酚（TPC），类黄酮含量（TFC）和气相色谱-质谱（GC-MS）。在体外，测定抗氧化剂和抗增殖活性。对于体内研究; 将56只Wister大鼠随机分为8组。对照组大鼠接受生理盐水，中毒组口服对乙酰氨基酚/扑热息痛（APAP，2 g / kg bw），持续7天。APAP（2 g / kg bw）给药后7天，治疗组分别接受300 mg / kg的MO，TO或UD。血清炎症标志物，抗氧化剂参数和组织病理学进行了调查。甲醇提取物的GC-MS分析表明，MO中有16种化合物（占21.6％的1-硝基-β - d-阿拉伯呋喃糖），TO中有19种化合物（占主要化合物的30.06％芦丁），UD中有15种化合物（29.86） ％皂苷，作为主要化合物）。TO在DPPH分析中表现出更显着的抗自由基能力（IC ₅₀与MO（657.77±5.21）和UD（534.45±4.56）相比，CUPRAC分析的抗氧化活性为（29.6±1.12 µg / mL）（889.34±5.65μMTrolox / g DW）。MO，TO和UD对HT 29和HCT 116癌细胞显示出有效的抗增殖能力，而对正常Vero细胞系则无细胞毒性。MO，TO和UD可 通过改善ALT，AST和ALP的升高而显着改善（p <0.001）APAP诱导的肝毒性（p <0.001）降低血清中的TNF-α和IL-6水平。组织学检查证实了生化结果。本研究证实了（选定）药用草药的应用的科学依据。植物提取物显示出抗APAP诱导的肝损伤的抗氧化剂和保肝潜力。建议进一步研究以了解作用机理和在临床试验中的用途。