Abstract Constructed and restored wetlands can be effective sinks for particulate and dissolved phosphorus (P) if properly managed, but identifying suitable P retention wetland locations remains challenging. From a landscape perspective, Soil and Water Assessment Tool (SWAT) models identify locations within target watersheds with high nutrient loads that exhibit appropriate site characteristics and hydrodynamics. However, soil properties vary at the field scale, dictating the capacity of wetland systems to remove P and ultimately determining if a given wetland will operate as a sink or source of P over time. Land ownership and site access further complicate identification of P retention wetland locations. As a result, optimization and identification of P retention wetland locations requires analysis at both 1) watershed and 2) field scales, and 3) public engagement. In response, a survey effort linked SWAT model results that identified locations with target watersheds with field soil P storage capacity data and interested landowners. Results suggest that several locations recommended for their high SWAT-predicted P loading and landowner interest were in fact not well suited for project implementation due to soil P saturation and legacy P constraints. These findings highlight the need to couple watershed models with field scale soils analysis to identify locations for P retention wetlands in order to avoid unintended P release. Additionally, increased collaboration with social scientists and others familiar with public engagement strategies is needed to improve outreach activities targeting regional water quality improvements. Practical applications for nutrient retention wetland site selection are also discussed.

中文翻译：

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将流域建模、公众参与和土壤分析相结合，改进了针对 P 保留湿地位置的决策

摘要 如果管理得当，建造和恢复的湿地可以成为颗粒和溶解磷 (P) 的有效汇，但确定合适的磷保留湿地位置仍然具有挑战性。从景观的角度来看，土壤和水评估工具 (SWAT) 模型确定目标流域内具有高营养负荷的位置，这些位置表现出适当的场地特征和水动力。然而，土壤性质在田间尺度上有所不同，决定了湿地系统去除磷的能力，并最终确定特定湿地是否会随着时间的推移作为磷的汇或源发挥作用​​。土地所有权和场地访问进一步复杂化了 P 保留湿地位置的识别。因此，P 滞留湿地位置的优化和识别需要在 1) 流域和 2) 田间尺度上进行分析，3) 公众参与。作为回应，一项调查工作将 SWAT 模型结果与目标流域与田间土壤磷储存容量数据和感兴趣的土地所有者联系起来。结果表明，由于土壤磷饱和度和遗留磷的限制，推荐用于其高 SWAT 预测的磷负荷和土地所有者兴趣的几个地点实际上并不适合项目实施。这些发现强调需要将流域模型与实地规模的土壤分析相结合，以确定 P 保留湿地的位置，以避免意外的 P 释放。此外，需要加强与社会科学家和其他熟悉公众参与策略的人员的合作，以改进针对区域水质改善的宣传活动。