Abstract Many riverine systems are impacted by a combination of agricultural and urban land use. In this study, we assessed the impacts of high intensity agriculture and urban land use in the Maumee River, the largest Great Lakes tributary, using sunfish (Lepomis spp.). The land use gradient from agricultural headwaters to densely urban areas was hypothesized to be paralleled by a shift in the chemical signature and biological effects. We caged hatchery-reared sunfish at field sites and collected concurrently resident sunfish. We analyzed fish for alterations in morphological indices, hematological characteristics, and anatomical development. Water, sediment, and fish tissues were analyzed for pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and personal care products. Chemicals were detected in all samples, and no clear agricultural/urban distinction in water chemistry was apparent. We detected forty-three chemicals (19% of analyzed) in at least half of the water samples, and 101 chemicals (44%) in at least one water sample. The pesticides desethylatrazine (100% of samples) and heptachlor epoxide (89%), and pharmaceuticals iopamidol (100%) and sulfamethoxazole (89%) were frequently detected. Resident sunfish were more sensitive than caged sunfish, and both experienced elevated stress responses at urban sites. Declining biological indices suggest contaminant-related impairments which may have altered resource allocation and could have contributed to decreased sexual maturity. Agricultural, and especially urban, contaminants entering aquatic ecosystems as non-point sources affect sunfish biology through acute and chronic exposure. Natural resource managers are advised to broadly assess stressors prior to investing into stream restoration efforts.

中文翻译：

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劳伦大湖流域的主要支流莫米河沿岸农业和城市土地利用的生物后果

摘要 许多河流系统都受到农业和城市土地利用相结合的影响。在这项研究中，我们使用翻车鱼（Lepomis spp.）评估了大湖区最大支流莫米河的高强度农业和城市土地利用的影响。假设从农业源头到人口稠密的城市地区的土地利用梯度与化学特征和生物效应的变化平行。我们在野外现场笼养孵化场养殖的翻车鱼，并同时收集常住翻车鱼。我们分析了鱼的形态指标、血液学特征和解剖发育的变化。分析了水、沉积物和鱼组织中的杀虫剂、药物和个人护理产品。所有样品均检测到化学物质，并且在水化学方面没有明显的农业/城市区别。我们在至少一半的水样中检测到 43 种化学物质（分析的 19%），在至少一种水样中检测到 101 种化学物质（44%）。经常检测到农药去乙基莠去津（100% 的样品）和七氯环氧化物（89%），以及药物碘帕醇（100%）和磺胺甲恶唑（89%）。居住的太阳鱼比笼养的太阳鱼更敏感，并且在城市地点都经历了更高的压力反应。生物指数下降表明与污染物相关的损害可能改变了资源分配，并可能导致性成熟度下降。农业污染物，尤其是城市污染物，作为非点源进入水生生态系统，通过急性和慢性暴露影响翻车鱼生物学。