Background

Negative urgency –the tendency to lose control under the influence of strong negative emotions– has been proposed to be a sign of malfunctioning emotion regulation mechanisms, and to contribute to severity and complications of gambling disorder and other externalizing behaviors. Aims and method: This study is aimed at (1) testing whether negative urgency is linked to resistance to extinction in an emotional associative learning task in a sample of 70 community gamblers (with emotional pictures as unconditioned stimuli, and color patches as conditioned stimuli [CS]); and (b) exploring the link between these two variables (negative urgency and resistance to emotional extinction) and clinical manifestations of gambling (severity and craving). Mixed-effects generalized models were used to analyze trial-by-trial predictive responses during acquisition and extinction for erotic, disgusting, and gambling related pictures. Results and conclusions: Acquisition of CS-elicited responses remained unaffected by negative urgency, whereas extinction was hampered in individuals with high negative urgency, especially for CS associated with erotic and gambling-related pictures. Moreover, negative urgency predicted higher craving scores, and these predicted more severe gambling-related symptoms. This finding resonates with the well-known involvement of emotion regulation processes in craving control. However, extinction was not independently related to craving. This lacking effect suggests that negative urgency is a broad construct, and although some of its components are directly related to faulty extinction (and generalized emotion dysregulation), such components are not the same negative urgency shares with difficulties of craving control.

中文翻译：

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消极紧迫感的联想基础及其在有问题的赌博行为中的作用。

背景

消极紧迫感——在强烈负面情绪影响下失去控制的倾向——被认为是情绪调节机制失灵的标志，并导致赌博障碍和其他外化行为的严重性和并发症。目的和方法：本研究旨在 (1) 以 70 名社区赌​​徒为样本（以情绪图片作为无条件刺激，色块作为条件刺激 [CS]）测试消极紧迫感是否与抵抗消退有关；(b) 探索这两个变量（负面紧迫感和对情绪消退的抵抗力）与赌博的临床表现（严重性和渴望）之间的联系。混合效应广义模型用于分析在获取和消退期间对色情、恶心和赌博相关图片的逐个试验预测反应。结果和结论：获得 CS 引发的反应仍然不受消极紧迫感的影响，而在具有高消极紧迫感的个体中，消退受到阻碍，尤其是对于与色情和赌博相关图片相关的 CS。此外，消极的紧迫感预示着更高的渴望分数，而这些预示着更严重的赌博相关症状。这一发现与众所周知的情绪调节过程参与渴望控制产生了共鸣。然而，灭绝与渴望并不是独立相关的。这种缺乏影响表明消极紧迫感是一个广泛的结构，尽管它的一些成分与错误消退（和普遍的情绪失调）直接相关，但这些成分与渴望控制困难的消极紧迫感份额不同。