Together with about 1180 million tons of hot metal (2017) about 380 million tons of blast furnace slag are produced yearly worldwide. Most of it (about 280 million tons) is quenched forming the glassy granulated blast furnace slag (GBS). For more than 130 years, this by-product is used as a clinker substitute in cement and concrete. Many approaches exist to evaluate the reactivity of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) in cementitious systems based on glass content, chemical composition, fineness, etc. But all approaches fail to define a suitable tool for judging an unknown GBS in a way that its strength contribution can be predicted. Only a rough differentiation might be possible. Compared to other parameters influencing GBS reactivity, the thermal history and the glass structure are mostly not investigated so far. However, from thermodynamic and kinetic points of view it is obvious that the thermal history of the slag should have a significant influence on glass structure and reactivity. The basic idea of the research project was to use analytical techniques being already established, for example, lime–soda–silica glasses. The differential scanning calorimetry and viscosity measurements have been combined for GBS characterization in order to measure the fictive temperature T_f (glass transition temperature on cooling during industrial quenching process) and to calculate retroactively the unknown cooling rates of liquid slags. Using these methods in combination with classical cementitious tests, it was possible to verify a correlation between the thermal history of GBS and its reactivity in a cementitious system.

中文翻译：

---

水泥系统中粒状高炉矿渣的热历史对其潜水反应性的影响

全球每年约生产11.8亿吨铁水（2017年），约3.8亿吨高炉矿渣。其中大部分（约2.8亿吨）被淬火，形成玻璃状颗粒状高炉矿渣（GBS）。130多年来，这种副产品一直用作水泥和混凝土中的熟料替代品。存在许多基于玻璃含量，化学成分，细度等评估胶凝系统中高炉矿渣（GGBS）的反应性的方法。但是，所有方法都未能定义一种判断未知GBS的合适工具。强度贡献可以预测。只有粗略的区分是可能的。与其他影响GBS反应性的参数相比，到目前为止，几乎没有研究过热历史和玻璃结构。然而，从热力学和动力学的观点来看，炉渣的热历史显然对玻璃结构和反应性具有重要影响。该研究项目的基本思想是使用已经建立的分析技术，例如石灰-苏打-二氧化硅玻璃。差示扫描量热法和粘度测量法结合起来用于GBS表征，以测量假想温度T _f（工业淬火过程中冷却时的玻璃化转变温度），并追溯计算出液态渣的未知冷却速率。将这些方法与经典胶结试验结合使用，可以验证GBS的热历史与其在胶结体系中的反应性之间的相关性。