Electric vehicles (EVs) with induction motor (IM) drives require energy optimization due to their limited energy storage capacity. Among the energy optimization methods currently available, a loss model-based controller (LMC) is a satisfactory technique, since it converges rapidly to an optimal operating point. Some of the simplifications applied to LMCs, such as neglecting the core loss and leakage inductances, affect IM drive performance negatively in terms of loss minimization. To overcome this problem, this paper presents an efficient LMC combined with direct torque control (DTC). The proposed method is based on the idea that the magnetizing current is much higher than the core loss current. Using the sum of the stator current and the rotor current instead of the magnetizing current, modelling the losses is simplified and the optimal stator flux is determined easily. A simulation study is carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme with an EV application during an FTP-75 urban driving cycle. A prototype 3 kW IM drive with a TMS320F28335 digital signal processor (DSP) is built to validate the simulation results. A significant efficiency improvement is obtained at low loads. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate that the proposed DTC improves efficiency and decreases torque ripple.

中文翻译：

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基于 LMC 的 DTC 用于提高 IM 驱动器及其电动汽车应用的效率

配备感应电机 (IM) 驱动器的电动汽车 (EV) 由于能量存储容量有限而需要进行能量优化。在当前可用的能量优化方法中，基于损耗模型的控制器 (LMC) 是一种令人满意的技术，因为它可以快速收敛到最佳工作点。一些应用于 LMC 的简化，例如忽略磁芯损耗和漏电感，会在损耗最小化方面对 IM 驱动器性能产生负面影响。为了克服这个问题，本文提出了一种结合直接转矩控制 (DTC) 的高效 LMC。所提出的方法基于磁化电流远高于磁芯损耗电流的想法。使用定子电流和转子电流的总和代替励磁电流，简化了损耗建模，并且很容易确定最佳定子磁通。进行了一项模拟研究，以评估在 FTP-75 城市驾驶循环期间使用 EV 应用的拟议方案的性能。构建带有 TMS320F28335 数字信号处理器 (DSP) 的 3 kW IM 驱动器原型来验证仿真结果。在低负载下获得显着的效率改进。仿真和实验结果都表明，所提出的 DTC 提高了效率并降低了转矩脉动。在低负载下获得显着的效率改进。仿真和实验结果都表明，所提出的 DTC 提高了效率并降低了转矩脉动。在低负载下获得显着的效率改进。仿真和实验结果都表明，所提出的 DTC 提高了效率并降低了转矩脉动。