The resilience of the built environment to extreme weather events is fundamental for the day-to-day operation of our transport network, with scour representing one of the biggest threats to bridges built over flowing water. Condition monitoring of the bridge using a structural health monitoring system enhances resilience by reducing the time needed to return the bridge to normal use by providing timely information on structural condition and safety. The work presented in this report discusses use of rotational measurements in structural health monitoring. Traditionally tiltmeters (which can be a form of DC accelerometer) are used to measure rotation but are known to be affected by dynamic movements, while gyroscopes react quickly to dynamic motion but drift over time. This review will introduce gyroscopes as a complementary sensor for accelerometer rotational measurements and use sensor fusion techniques to combine the measurements from both sensors to get an optimised rotational result. This method was trialled on a laboratory scaled model, before the system was installed on an in-service single-span skewed railway bridge. The rotational measurements were compared against rotation measurements obtained using a vision-based measurement system to confirm the validity of the results. An introduction to gyroscopes, field test measurement results with the sensors and their correlation with the vision-based measurement results are presented in this article.

中文翻译：

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使用传感器融合技术跟踪桥梁倾斜行为

建成环境对极端天气事件的适应能力对于我们的运输网络的日常运营至关重要，而冲刷是对流水桥梁的最大威胁之一。使用结构健康监视系统对桥梁的状态进行监视，可通过提供有关结构状况和安全性的及时信息来减少使桥梁恢复正常使用所需的时间，从而增强了弹性。本报告中介绍的工作讨论了在结构健康监测中使用旋转测量。传统上，倾斜仪（可以是DC加速度计的一种形式）用于测量旋转，但已知会受到动态运动的影响，而陀螺仪对动态运动的反应很快，但会随时间漂移。这篇综述将介绍陀螺仪作为加速度计旋转测量的补充传感器，并使用传感器融合技术将两个传感器的测量结果结合起来，以获得最佳的旋转结果。在将系统安装在运行中的单跨斜铁路桥上之前，已在实验室规模的模型上试用了此方法。将旋转测量值与使用基于视觉的测量系统获得的旋转测量值进行比较，以确认结果的有效性。本文介绍了陀螺仪，传感器的现场测试测量结果以及它们与基于视觉的测量结果的相关性。在将系统安装在运行中的单跨斜铁路桥上之前，已在实验室规模的模型上试用了此方法。将旋转测量值与使用基于视觉的测量系统获得的旋转测量值进行比较，以确认结果的有效性。本文介绍了陀螺仪，传感器的现场测试测量结果以及它们与基于视觉的测量结果的相关性。在将系统安装在运行中的单跨斜铁路桥上之前，已在实验室规模的模型上试用了此方法。将旋转测量值与使用基于视觉的测量系统获得的旋转测量值进行比较，以确认结果的有效性。本文介绍了陀螺仪，传感器的现场测试测量结果以及它们与基于视觉的测量结果的相关性。