Hybridization associated with polyploidization and apomixis is a frequent mechanism of speciation. Sorbus is a genus with ongoing hybridization resulting in a polyploid complex with different parental lineage. Triparens is the smallest hybridogenous subgenus of Sorbus so far known to comprise only two taxa, S. intermedia and S. × liljeforsii that combine the genomes of three taxa (S. aria agg., S. aucuparia and S. torminalis). To elucidate the origins of S. dacica, S. paxiana and S. tauricola, three new trigenomic candidates formerly believed to be of biparental origin with either S. aria agg. × S. aucuparia or S. aria agg. × S. torminalis lineage we combined data from HPLC and chloroplast DNA analysing additional 33 related taxa as well. We concluded that the ‘torminalis-type’ flavonoid profile and the ‘aucuparia-type’ plastid indicate the participation of both S. torminalis and S. aucuparia resulting in the formation of S. dacica, S. paxiana and S. tauricola. Sorbus aria agg. as the third ancestor and as a necessary link to meet genes of S. torminalis and S. aucuparia in one genome is obvious from morphological features (densely tomentose undersides of leaves). The tetraploid cytotypes and obligate pseudogamy of S. dacica and S. paxiana were determined by flow cytometry and are published here for the first time. The most probable evolutionary scenario for Triparens species is: 1. a diploid sexual S. aucuparia as pollen acceptor hybridized with a tetraploid apomictic taxon from the S. aria agg. producing a triploid apomictic taxon with ‘aucuparia-type’ plastid inherited maternally; 2. during a second crossing event this subgenus Soraria hybrid as maternal progenitor hybridized with the sexual diploid S. torminalis (providing gene(s) of apigenin O-glucuronide synthesis) forming a tetraploid Triparens hybrid with ‘aucuparia-type’ plastid and ‘torminalis-type’ flavonoids.

与多倍体化和无融合生殖相关的杂交是一种常见的物种形成机制。Sorbus是一个持续杂交的属，导致具有不同亲本谱系的多倍体复合体。Triparens是目前已知的最小的杂交花楸亚属，仅包含两个分类群，即S. intermedia和S.  ×  liljeforsii，它们结合了三个分类群（S. aria agg.、S. aucuparia和S. torminalis）的基因组。阐明S. dacica、S. paxiana和S. tauricola的起源，三个新的三基因组候选者以前被认为与S. aria agg 具有双亲血统。×  S. aucuparia或S. aria agg。×  S. torminalis谱系我们结合了来自 HPLC 和叶绿体 DNA 的数据，分析了另外 33 个相关的分类群。我们得出结论，“ torminalis型”类黄酮谱和“ aucuparia型”质体表明 S. torminalis 和 S. aucuparia 的参与导致了S. dacica 、 S. paxiana和S. tauricola的形成。花楸咏叹调聚合。作为第三个祖先，并且作为在一个基因组中满足S. torminalis和S. aucuparia基因的必要环节，从形态特征（叶子下面密被绒毛）可以看出。通过流式细胞术测定S. dacica和S. paxiana的四倍体细胞型和专性假性配子，并首次在此发表。Triparens物种最可能的进化情景是： 1.作为花粉受体的二倍体有性S. aucuparia与来自S. aria agg 的四倍体无融合生殖分类群杂交。用 ' aucuparia生产一个三倍体无融合生殖分类群-型'质体母系遗传；2. 在第二次杂交事件中，作为母系祖先的这种亚属Soraria杂种与有性二倍体S. torminalis杂交（提供芹菜素 O-葡糖苷酸合成的基因），形成具有“ aucuaria型”质体和“ torminalis ”的四倍体Triparens杂种型'黄酮类化合物。