Atmospheric boundary-layer dynamics over heterogeneous surfaces is significant to a wide array of geophysical and engineering applications. Yet, despite over five decades of intense efforts by the research community, numerous open research questions remain. This underlines the complexity of the physical processes that are excited by heterogeneity, the multitude of patterns and manifestations that it can display, and the importance of the implications to research in the atmospheric sciences and beyond. Here, existing knowledge is reviewed and a path forward for research is proposed, starting with the smaller scales near a surface transition and proceeding to the influence on large-scale dynamics and their forecasting.

中文翻译：

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边界层气象中表面异质性的持续挑战：综述

异质表面上的大气边界层动力学对于广泛的地球物理和工程应用具有重要意义。然而，尽管研究界付出了 50 多年的努力，但仍有许多开放的研究问题。这强调了由异质性激发的物理过程的复杂性，它可以展示的多种模式和表现形式，以及对大气科学及其他领域研究的影响的重要性。在这里，回顾了现有知识并提出了研究的前进道路，从靠近地表过渡的较小尺度开始，继续对大尺度动力学及其预测的影响。