Two-dimensional (2D) spectroscopy uses multiple electromagnetic pulses to infer the properties of a complex system. A paradigmatic class of target systems are molecular aggregates, for which one can obtain information on the eigenstates, various types of static and dynamic disorder and on relaxation processes. However, two-dimensional spectra can be difficult to interpret without precise knowledge of how the signal components relate to microscopic Hamiltonian parameters and system-bath interactions. Here we show that two-dimensional spectroscopy can be mapped in the microwave domain to highly controllable Rydberg quantum simulators. By porting 2D spectroscopy to Rydberg atoms, we firstly open the possibility of its experimental quantum simulation, in a case where parameters and interactions are very well known. Secondly, the technique may provide additional handles for experimental access to coherences between system states and the ability to discriminate different types of decoherence mechanisms in Rydberg gases. We investigate the requirements for a specific implementation utilizing multiple phase coherent microwave pulses and a phase cycling technique to isolate signal components.

中文翻译：

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里德堡气体的二维光谱

二维 (2D) 光谱使用多个电磁脉冲来推断复杂系统的属性。一类典型的目标系统是分子聚集体，人们可以获得关于本征态、各种类型的静态和动态无序以及松弛过程的信息。然而，如果不准确了解信号分量与微观哈密顿参数和系统-浴相互作用的关系，二维光谱可能难以解释。在这里，我们展示了二维光谱可以在微波域中映射到高度可控的里德堡量子模拟器。通过将二维光谱移植到里德堡原子，我们首先开启了实验量子模拟的可能性，在参数和相互作用非常熟悉的情况下。第二，该技术可以为实验访问系统状态之间的相干性以及区分里德堡气体中不同类型的退相干机制的能力提供额外的处理。我们研究了使用多相位相干微波脉冲和相位循环技术来隔离信号分量的特定实现的要求。