Psychological interventions have shown benefit in reducing symptoms in children and adolescents with cancer. More recently, mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to be a promising approach to symptom intervention in adolescents with chronic illnesses. In this systematic review, we aimed to describe MBIs or focused-breathing interventions that have been used to treat symptoms in children receiving cancer therapy. A systematic review was conducted using MEDLINE/PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and PsycINFO from inception to September 2019. We identified relevant articles in which MBIs or focused-breathing interventions were the primary interventions delivered to improve symptoms in children or adolescents with cancer. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. MBIs included controlled breathing and belly breathing. Intervention effects were found to be beneficial with regard to symptoms that included procedural pain, distress, and quality of life. The interventions were generally well accepted and beneficial. All studies suffered limitations because of methodological flaws, including the lack of randomization, and small sample sizes. Despite the small numbers of studies and participants, MBIs delivered to children with cancer may have beneficial effects on certain symptoms. Implications for future research include interventions tailored to the specific symptom burden. Studies must aim to increase sample sizes as well as to include individuals at high risk for severe symptoms.

中文翻译：

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基于正念的癌症儿童和青少年症状管理干预措施：系统评价

心理干预已显示出有助于减轻癌症儿童和青少年的症状。最近，基于正念的干预 (MBI) 已被证明是对患有慢性疾病的青少年进行症状干预的一种很有前景的方法。在本系统评价中，我们旨在描述已用于治疗接受癌症治疗的儿童的症状的 MBI 或专注呼吸干预措施。从成立到 2019 年 9 月，使用 MEDLINE/PubMed、EMBASE、CINAHL 和 PsycINFO 进行了系统评价。我们确定了相关文章，其中 MBI 或专注呼吸干预是主要干预措施，以改善儿童或青少年癌症症状。六项研究符合纳入标准。MBI 包括控制呼吸和腹式呼吸。发现干预效果对包括程序性疼痛、痛苦和生活质量在内的症状有益。这些干预措施被普遍接受并有益。由于方法学缺陷，所有研究都受到限制，包括缺乏随机化和样本量小。尽管研究和参与者数量很少，但向癌症儿童提供 MBI 可能对某些症状产生有益影响。对未来研究的影响包括针对特定症状负担的干预措施。研究必须旨在增加样本量并包括出现严重症状的高风险个体。由于方法学缺陷，所有研究都受到限制，包括缺乏随机化和样本量小。尽管研究和参与者数量很少，但向癌症儿童提供 MBI 可能对某些症状产生有益影响。对未来研究的影响包括针对特定症状负担的干预措施。研究必须旨在增加样本量并包括出现严重症状的高风险个体。由于方法学缺陷，所有研究都受到限制，包括缺乏随机化和样本量小。尽管研究和参与者数量很少，但向癌症儿童提供 MBI 可能对某些症状产生有益影响。对未来研究的影响包括针对特定症状负担的干预措施。研究必须旨在增加样本量并包括出现严重症状的高风险个体。