Direct evidence for the intentional processing of starch-rich plants during the Paleolithic is scant, and that evidence is often compromised by concerns over preservation and contamination. Our integrated, multimodal approach couples wear-trace analysis with chemical imaging methods to identify the presence of genuine ancient starch candidates (ASC) on ground stones used in the Pontic Steppe starting around 40,000 years ago. Optical and electron microscopy coupled with infrared spectromicroscopy and imaging provide morphological and chemical profiles for ASCs, that partially match the vibrational polysaccharide features of modern reference starches, highlighting diagenetic differences ranging from partial oxidation to mineralization. The results suggest the intentional processing of roots and tubers by means of mechanical tenderization and shed light on the role of dietary carbohydrates during Homo sapiens ′ (HS) colonization of Eurasia, demonstrating a long acquaintance with predictable calorific foods, crucial to maintain homeostasis during the harsh conditions of the Late MIS 3 (40-25 ky).

中文翻译：

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Aurignacian Pontic草原地石中难以捉摸的植物残留物的直接形态化学特征

在旧石器时代有意加工富含淀粉的植物的直接证据很少，而且证据常常因对保存和污染的担心而受到损害。我们的综合，多模式方法将磨损痕迹分析与化学成像方法结合使用，以识别大约40,000年前在Pontic草原中使用的地石上是否存在真正的古代淀粉候选物（ASC）。光学和电子显微镜以及红外光谱和成像技术提供了ASC的形态和化学特征，这些特征与现代参考淀粉的振动多糖特性部分匹配，突出了从部分氧化到矿化的成岩作用差异。