Early detection of drug-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is crucial for effective treatment and prevention of further injury. It remains challenging, however, because of the lack of activatable indicators with multimodality imaging capability that could increase the accuracy of diagnosis by mutual verification. Herein, we report an activatable probe, FDOCl-22, that enabled dual-modality detection of the early-stage drug-induced AKI. FDOCl-22 was completely soluble in water and highly sensitive to hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Dramatic increases of both near-infrared (NIR) emission and absorption were observed after reaction with HOCl. A correlation between HOCl concentration and drug-induced AKI was established using FDOCl-22 as a tool. As a consequence, the HOCl-activated probe was able to detect the early-stage drug-induced AKI by dual-modality imaging, irrespective of the drug stimulation time or dosage, by combining NIR fluorescence and photoacoustic imaging.

中文翻译：

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可激活探针对早期药物诱发的急性肾脏损伤的双模式检测。

早期发现药物诱发的急性肾损伤（AKI）对于有效治疗和预防进一步的损伤至关重要。但是，由于缺乏具有多模态成像功能的可激活指示器，该指示器可以通过相互验证提高诊断的准确性，因此仍然具有挑战性。在本文中，我们报告了一种可激活的探针FDOCl-22，它能够对早期药物诱导的AKI进行双模式检测。FDOCl-22完全溶于水，并且对次氯酸（HOCl）高度敏感。与HOCl反应后，观察到近红外（NIR）发射和吸收均急剧增加。使用FDOCl-22建立了HOCl浓度与药物诱导的AKI之间的相关性作为工具。结果，HOCl激活的探针通过结合NIR荧光和光声成像，通过双峰成像能够检测早期药物诱导的AKI，而与药物刺激时间或剂量无关。