The maintenance of organismal homeostasis requires partitioning and transport of biochemical molecules between organ systems, their composite cells, and subcellular organelles. Although transcriptional programming undeniably defines the functional state of cells and tissues, underlying biochemical networks are intricately intertwined with transcriptional, translational, and post-translational regulation. Studies of the metabolic regulation of immunity have elegantly illustrated this phenomenon. The cells of the immune system interface with a diverse set of environmental conditions. Circulating immune cells perfuse peripheral organs in the blood and lymph, patrolling for pathogen invasion. Resident immune cells remain in tissues and play more newly appreciated roles in tissue homeostasis and immunity. Each of these cell populations interacts with unique and dynamic tissue environments, which vary greatly in biochemical composition. Furthermore, the effector response of immune cells to a diverse set of activating cues requires unique cellular adaptations to supply the requisite biochemical landscape. In this review, we examine the role of spatial partitioning of metabolic processes in immune function. We focus on studies of lymphocyte metabolism, with reference to the greater immunometabolism literature when appropriate to illustrate this concept.

机体稳态的维持需要生化分子在器官系统、其复合细胞和亚细胞细胞器之间的分配和运输。尽管转录编程无可否认地定义了细胞和组织的功能状态，但潜在的生化网络与转录、翻译和翻译后调控错综复杂地交织在一起。对免疫代谢调节的研究很好地说明了这一现象。免疫系统的细胞与多种环境条件相互作用。循环免疫细胞在血液和淋巴液中灌注外周器官，巡逻病原体入侵。常驻免疫细胞保留在组织中，并在组织稳态和免疫中发挥更多新的作用。这些细胞群中的每一个都与独特且动态的组织环境相互作用，这些环境的生化成分差异很大。此外，免疫细胞对多种激活信号的效应反应需要独特的细胞适应来提供必要的生化环境。在这篇综述中，我们研究了代谢过程的空间分区在免疫功能中的作用。我们专注于淋巴细胞代谢的研究，并在适当时参考更多的免疫代谢文献来说明这一概念。