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Spontaneous Symmetry-Breaking in the Corrosion Transformation of Ancient Bronzes
Minerals ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 , DOI: 10.3390/min10080656 Yanpeng Yang , Xiaojuan Cao , Yang Li , Zhongchi Wang , Bingjie Li , Xudong Jiang , Junji Jia , Chunxu Pan
Minerals ( IF 2.5 ) Pub Date : 2020-07-24 , DOI: 10.3390/min10080656 Yanpeng Yang , Xiaojuan Cao , Yang Li , Zhongchi Wang , Bingjie Li , Xudong Jiang , Junji Jia , Chunxu Pan
In general, during long-term museum conservation, ancient bronzes will generate new corrosion products also called the “secondary corrosion” on the surface of the unearthed “primary corrosion” products due to various environmental conditions. In this paper, the corrosion stages of several ancient Chinese bronzes are characterized by using optical microscope (OM), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Raman spectrometer (Raman). It is found that there exist phase transformation relationships in between the “primary corrosion” and the “secondary corrosion” stages (i.e., (1) the crystal lattice type tends to transform from a high symmetry system to a low symmetry system; (2) in case of the same crystal lattice type, the corrosions exhibit an inter-transformation or symbiosis). It is interesting to note that these transformation rules are very consistent with the well-known physical law of “spontaneous symmetry-breaking”, which won the 2008 Nobel Prize in Physics and also has been considered to be general law of nature, in addition to the principle of Gibbs free energy reduction. The significance of this discovery allows us to achieve the predictability and controllability of the bronze corrosion products (i.e., to predict the corrosive trends in advance and control the “second corrosion” by adjusting the conservation conditions. This research provides a novel conservation concept of ancient bronzes.
更新日期：2020-07-24
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