The marine and hydrokinetic (MHK) industry plays a vital role in the U.S. clean energy strategy by providing a renewable, domestic energy source that may offset the need for traditional energy sources. The first MHK deployments in the U.S. have incurred very high permitting costs and long timelines for deploying projects, which increases project risk and discourages investment. A key challenge to advancing an economically competitive U.S. MHK industry is reducing the time and cost required for environmental permitting and compliance with government regulations. Other industries such as offshore oil and gas, offshore wind energy, subsea power and data cables, onshore wind energy, and solar energy facilities have all developed more robust permitting and compliance pathways that provide lessons for the MHK industry in the U.S. and may help inform the global consenting process. Based on in-depth review and research into each of the other industries, we describe the environmental permitting pathways, the main environmental concerns and types of monitoring typically associated with them, and factors that appear to have eased environmental permitting and compliance issues.

中文翻译：

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MHK行业的环境许可和合规成本降低策略：其他行业的经验教训

海洋和水动力（MHK）行业通过提供可抵消传统能源需求的可再生家用能源，在美国清洁能源战略中发挥着至关重要的作用。在美国的第一批MHK部署产生了很高的许可成本，并且部署项目的时间很长，这增加了项目风险并阻碍了投资。推进具有经济竞争力的美国MHK行业的主要挑战是减少环境许可和遵守政府法规所需的时间和成本。其他行业，例如海上石油和天然气，海上风能，海底电力和数据电缆，陆上风能和太阳能设施，都已经开发出了更强大的许可和合规途径，为美国MHK行业提供了经验教训 并可能有助于告知全球同意程序。在对其他各个行业进行深入审查和研究的基础上，我们描述了环境许可途径，主要的环境问题以及通常与之相关的监测类型，以及似乎缓解了环境许可和合规性问题的因素。