Ships for drilling need to operate in the territorial waters of many different countries which can have different technical standards and procedures. For example, the European Union and European Economic Area EU/EEA product safety directives exclude from their scope drilling ships and related equipment onboard. On the other hand, the EU/EEA offshore safety directive requires the application of all the best technical standards that are used worldwide in the oil and gas industry. Consequently, it is not easy to select the most appropriate technical standards that increase the overall level of safety and environmental protection whilst avoiding the costs of additional certifications. We will show how some technical standards and procedures, which are recognized worldwide by the petroleum industry, can be accepted by various standardization bodies, and how they can fulfil the essential health and safety requirements of certain directives. Emphasis will be placed on the prevention of fire and explosion, on the safe use of equipment under pressure, and on the protection of personnel who work with machinery. Additionally considered is how the proper use of adequate procedures available at the time would have prevented three large scale offshore petroleum accidents: the Macondo Deepwater Horizon in the Gulf of Mexico in 2010; the Montara in the Timor Sea in 2009; the Piper Alpha in the North Sea in 1988.

中文翻译：

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在海上石油工业中正确使用技术标准

钻井船需要在许多不同国家的领海中作业，这些国家的技术标准和程序可能不同。例如，欧盟和欧洲经济区EU / EEA产品安全指令将其范围内的钻井船和相关设备排除在外。另一方面，EU / EEA海上安全指令要求应用全球石油和天然气行业中使用的所有最佳技术标准。因此，要选择最合适的技术标准以提高总体安全性和环境保护水平，同时又避免额外认证的费用，这并不容易。我们将展示石油行业在世界范围内认可的一些技术标准和程序如何被各种标准化机构所接受，以及它们如何满足某些指令的基本健康和安全要求。重点将放在防止火灾和爆炸，在压力下安全使用设备以及保护使用机械的人员方面。还需要考虑的是，当时正确使用适当的程序将如何防止三起大规模海上石油事故：2010年墨西哥湾的Macondo深水地平线；2009年在帝汶海的蒙塔拉；1988年在北海的Piper Alpha。还需要考虑的是，当时正确使用适当的程序将如何防止三起大规模海上石油事故：2010年墨西哥湾的Macondo深水地平线；2009年在帝汶海的蒙塔拉；1988年在北海的Piper Alpha。还需要考虑的是，当时正确使用适当的程序将如何防止三起大规模海上石油事故：2010年墨西哥湾的Macondo深水地平线；2009年在帝汶海的蒙塔拉；1988年在北海的Piper Alpha。