In the actual post-antibiotic era, novel ways of rethinking antimicrobial research approaches are more urgent than ever. Natural compounds with antimicrobial activity such as fatty acids and monoacylglycerols have been investigated for decades. Additionally, the interest in other lipid classes as antimicrobial agents is rising. This review provides an overview on the research about plant and marine lipids with potential antimicrobial activity, the methods for obtaining and analyzing these compounds, with emphasis on lipidomics, and future perspectives for bioprospection and applications for antimicrobial lipids. Lipid extracts or lipids isolated from higher plants, algae or marine invertebrates are promising molecules to inactivate a wide spectrum of microorganisms. These lipids include a variety of chemical structures. Present and future challenges in the research of antimicrobial lipids from natural origin are related to the investment and optimization of the analytical workflow based on lipidomics tools, complementary to the bioassay-guided fractionation, to identify the active compound(s). Also, further work is needed regarding the study of their mechanism of action, the structure–activity relationship, the synergistic effect with conventional antibiotics, and the eventual development of resistance to lipids, which, as far as is known, is unlikely.

中文翻译：

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来自植物和海洋生物的抗菌脂质：当前的最新状况和未来展望。

在实际的后抗生素时代，重新思考抗生素研究方法的新颖方法比以往任何时候都更为紧迫。具有抗微生物活性的天然化合物，例如脂肪酸和单酰基甘油，已经研究了数十年。另外，对其他脂质类作为抗微生物剂的兴趣正在上升。这篇综述概述了有关具有潜在抗微生物活性的植物和海洋脂质的研究，获得和分析这些化合物的方法（重点是脂质组学）以及生物勘探和抗微生物脂质应用的未来前景。从高等植物，藻类或海洋无脊椎动物中分离的脂质提取物或脂质是有望使多种微生物失活的分子。这些脂质包括多种化学结构。来自天然来源的抗微生物脂质研究的当前和未来挑战与基于脂质组学工具的分析工作流程的投资和优化有关，并与生物测定指导的分馏相辅相成，以鉴定活性化合物。此外，还需要进一步研究其作用机理，结构与活性的关系，与常规抗生素的协同作用以及最终发展出的对脂质的抗药性，这是众所周知的。