Environmental stress response in plants has been studied using a wide range of approaches, from lab‐based investigation of biochemistry and genetics, to glasshouse studies of physiology and growth rates, to field‐based trials and ecological surveys. It is also possible to investigate the evolution of environmental stress responses using macroevolutionary and macroecological analyses, analysing data from many different species, providing a new perspective on the way that environmental stress shapes the evolution and distribution of biodiversity. “Macroevoeco” approaches can produce intriguing results and new ways of looking at old problems. In this review, we focus on studies using phylogenetic analysis to illuminate macroevolutionary patterns in the evolution of environmental stress tolerance in plants. We follow a particular thread from our own research—evolution of salt tolerance—as a case study that illustrates a macroevolutionary way of thinking that opens up a range of broader questions on the evolution of environmental stress tolerances. We consider some potential future applications of macroevolutionary and macroecological analyses to understanding how diverse groups of plants evolve in response to environmental stress, which may allow better prediction of current stress tolerance and a way of predicting the capacity of species to adapt to changing environmental stresses over time.

中文翻译：

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宏观进化和宏观生态学方法，以了解植物耐逆性的进化。

从基于实验室的生物化学和遗传学研究到温室的生理和生长速率研究，再到野外试验和生态调查，已经采用了多种方法来研究植物的环境胁迫响应。也有可能使用宏观进化和宏观生态学分析来研究环境压力反应的演变，分析来自许多不同物种的数据，为环境压力如何影响生物多样性的演变和分布提供新的视角。“ Macroevoeco”方法可以产生有趣的结果，并提供解决旧问题的新方法。在这篇综述中，我们专注于使用系统进化分析阐明植物在环境胁迫耐受性方面的宏观进化模式的研究。我们遵循自己研究中的一个特定主题-耐盐性的演变-作为一个案例研究，说明了宏观进化的思维方式，这对环境胁迫耐受性的演变提出了更广泛的问题。我们考虑了宏观进化和宏观生态学分析的一些潜在的未来应用，以了解不同种类的植物如何响应环境胁迫而进化，这可以更好地预测当前的胁迫耐受性，并预测物种适应环境变化的能力。时间。