This is a study of Bernardino Ramazzini's De fontium mutinensium (1691) as an artefact that reveals how disparate historiographical approaches were shaped by the culture of the new science, when novel investigative practices and a new instrument‐mediated vision transformed the historical imagination in a similar way, creating a common 17th‐century experience of history. In England, De fontium was valued as a refutation of Thomas Burnet's popular Sacred Theory of the Earth, which Ramazzini dismissed as unoriginal poetic feigning rather than history. It was also vital to the development of Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz's unique ideas on Earth history in the Protogaea, and his historicist metaphysics, which would resonate through the 18th century. Yet both Burnet's poetic history, as well as the empirical approach showcased in De fontium, were equally useful tools in Leibniz's struggle to develop a science of history. Examining traces of De fontium predominantly from these three aspects underscores important changes in historical thinking and historiography that occurred in the late 17th century.

中文翻译：

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人造光圈：17世纪地球史学中拉马齐尼的德芳提姆考古

这是对贝尔纳迪诺·拉马齐尼（Berardino Ramazzini）的《德·丰蒂姆·穆蒂尼森（De fontium mutinensium）》（1691）的研究，该文物揭示了新科学文化如何塑造不同的史学方法，同时新颖的调查实践和新的仪器介导的视野以类似的方式改变了历史想象力。方式，创造了一种常见的17世纪历史体验。在英格兰，德方图姆被认为是托马斯·伯内特（Thomas Burnet）流行的《地球的神圣理论》的驳斥，拉马齐尼（Ramazzini）将其视为原始的诗意装扮而不是历史。这对于发展戈特弗里德·威廉·莱布尼兹关于原始史的地球历史的独特观念也至关重要，以及他的历史主义形而上学，这将在18世纪引起共鸣。然而，伯内特的诗史以及《德芳提姆》中展示的经验方法，在莱布尼兹努力发展历史科学方面都是同样有用的工具。主要从这三个方面检查德芳提姆的痕迹，突显了发生在17世纪后期的历史思想和史学的重大变化。