Modelling and Simulation as a Service (MSaaS) is a promising approach to deploy and execute Modelling and Simulation (M&S) applications quickly and on-demand. An appropriate software architecture is essential to deliver quality M&S applications following the MSaaS concept to a wide range of users. This study aims to characterize the state-of-the-art MSaaS architectures by conducting a systematic review of 31 papers published from 2010 to 2018. Our findings reveal that MSaaS applications are mainly designed using layered architecture style, followed by service-oriented architecture, component-based architecture, and pluggable component-based architecture. We also found that interoperability and deployability have the greatest importance in the architecture of MSaaS applications. In addition, our study indicates that the current MSaaS architectures do not meet the critical user requirements of modern M&S applications appropriately. Based on our results, we recommend that there is a need for more effort and research to (1) design the user interfaces that enable users to build and configure simulation models with minimum effort and limited domain knowledge, (2) provide mechanisms to improve the deployability of M&S applications, and (3) gain a deep insight into how M&S applications should be architected to respond to the emerging user requirements in the military domain.

中文翻译：

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建模和仿真即服务的建筑设计空间：综述

建模和仿真即服务 (MSaaS) 是一种快速按需部署和执行建模和仿真 (M&S) 应用程序的有前途的方法。适当的软件架构对于向广泛的用户提供遵循 MSaaS 概念的高质量 M&S 应用程序至关重要。本研究旨在通过对 2010 年至 2018 年发表的 31 篇论文进行系统回顾来表征最先进的 MSaaS 架构。我们的研究结果表明 MSaaS 应用程序主要使用分层架构风格设计，其次是面向服务的架构，基于组件的架构和可插拔的基于组件的架构。我们还发现互操作性和可部署性在 MSaaS 应用程序的架构中最为重要。此外，我们的研究表明，当前的 MSaaS 架构不能恰当地满足现代 M&S 应用程序的关键用户需求。根据我们的结果，我们建议需要进行更多的努力和研究，以 (1) 设计用户界面，使用户能够以最少的努力和有限的领域知识构建和配置仿真模型，(2) 提供改进机制M&S 应用程序的可部署性，以及 (3) 深入了解应如何构建 M&S 应用程序以响应军事领域中新兴的用户需求。