Abstract Landslides are common landscape features in the Northern Apennine mountain chain and cause frequent damages to human structures and infrastructure. Most landslides in the area can be classified as earthflows, where the clay-shales form the substrate, whereas complex landslides with flow and sliding components are common on the slopes where fine-grained turbidites form the substrate. Most of these landslides move periodically with contained velocities and, only after particular rainfall events, some of them accelerate abruptly. Space-borne synthetic aperture radar interferometry (InSAR) provides a particularly convenient way for studying the periods before and after failures. In this paper, we present InSAR-results derived from the Sentinel 1 satellite constellation for two landslide cases in the Northern Apennines. The first case is a complex landslide that is hosted on a pelitic flysch formation, whereas the second case is an earthflow located in chaotic clay shales. Both cases failed catastrophically and threatened or damaged important infrastructures. In the case of the complex landslide, we report spatially variations of the deformation field between repeated periods of acceleration. The data illustrate that the deformation initiated in the upper part of the slope and expanded over the whole landslide body afterward. In the case of the earthflow, we describe spatial and temporal kinematics during the period before a catastrophic failure in March 2018. We discuss the temporal deformation signal together with rainfall and snowmelt data from a nearby meteorological station. Deformation and precipitation data highlight that high total precipitation can be considered the trigger of the failure.

中文翻译：

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星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量法（InSAR）揭示的北亚平宁山脉滑坡破坏前后动态

摘要 山体滑坡是亚平宁山脉北部常见的景观特征，对人类结构和基础设施造成频繁破坏。该地区的大多数滑坡可归类为土流，其中粘土页岩形成基质，而具有流动和滑动成分的复杂滑坡常见于细粒浊积岩形成基质的斜坡上。这些滑坡中的大多数以一定的速度周期性地移动，并且只有在特定的降雨事件之后，其中一些才会突然加速。星载合成孔径雷达干涉测量 (InSAR) 为研究故障前后的时间段提供了一种特别方便的方法。在本文中，我们展示了来自 Sentinel 1 卫星星座的 InSAR 结果，用于北亚平宁山脉的两个滑坡案例。第一种情况是位于泥质复理石地层上的复杂滑坡，而第二种情况是位于混沌粘土页岩中的土流。这两个案例都以灾难性的失败告终，并威胁或破坏了重要的基础设施。在复杂滑坡的情况下，我们报告了重复加速周期之间变形场的空间变化。数据表明，变形从斜坡上部开始，随后扩展到整个滑坡体。在地球流的情况下，我们描述了 2018 年 3 月灾难性故障之前期间的空间和时间运动学。我们讨论了时间变形信号以及来自附近气象站的降雨和融雪数据。