Abstract The aim of this study was to estimate the carbon footprint (CFP) of constructed wetlands for winery wastewater treatment. In particular, a constructed wetland scenario was compared to the previous scenario (third-party management) and to an activated sludge system. CFP considered both indirect and direct greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions measured on-site. Moreover, an economic analysis of the considered scenarios was also addressed. The results showed that the constructed wetland scenario had the lowest CFP (1.2 kg CO2eq mwater−3), while the third-party management was the worst scenario (52 kg CO2eq mwater−3) followed by the activated sludge system (4.5 kg CO2eq mwater−3). This was mainly due to the high GHG emissions generated by wastewater and sludge transportation as well as chemicals and electricity consumption in the third-party and activated sludge scenarios compared to the constructed wetlands. In terms of costs, the constructed wetland system was shown to be a low-cost technology which would reduce the capital, operation and maintenance costs associated with winery wastewater treatment up to 50% and 98%, respectively. Finally, constructed wetlands are low-cost and environmentally friendly technologies which constitute a sustainable alternative to conventional solutions for winery wastewater treatment.

中文翻译：

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酿酒厂废水处理人工湿地的碳足迹

摘要 本研究的目的是估算用于酿酒厂废水处理的人工湿地的碳足迹（CFP）。特别是，人工湿地情景与之前的情景（第三方管理）和活性污泥系统进行了比较。CFP 考虑了现场测量的间接和直接温室气体 (GHG) 排放。此外，还讨论了对所考虑情景的经济分析。结果表明，人工湿地情景的 CFP 最低（1.2 kg CO2eq mwater−3），而第三方管理的情景最差（52 kg CO2eq mwater−3），其次是活性污泥系统（4.5 kg CO2eq mwater） -3). 这主要是由于与人工湿地相比，第三方和活性污泥场景中废水和污泥运输以及化学品和电力消耗产生的高温室气体排放。在成本方面，人工湿地系统被证明是一种低成本技术，可以将与酿酒厂废水处理相关的资本、运营和维护成本分别降低 50% 和 98%。最后，人工湿地是一种低成本且环保的技术，是酿酒厂废水处理传统解决方案的可持续替代方案。与酿酒厂废水处理相关的运营和维护成本分别高达 50% 和 98%。最后，人工湿地是一种低成本且环保的技术，是酿酒厂废水处理传统解决方案的可持续替代方案。与酿酒厂废水处理相关的运营和维护成本分别高达 50% 和 98%。最后，人工湿地是一种低成本且环保的技术，是酿酒厂废水处理传统解决方案的可持续替代方案。