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Novel compound heterozygous ACO2 mutations in an infant with progressive encephalopathy: A newly identified neurometabolic syndrome
Brain and Development ( IF 1.4 ) Pub Date : 2020-10-01 , DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2020.07.003
Ji Soo Park 1 , Man Jin Kim 2 , Soo Yeon Kim 3 , Byung Chan Lim 3 , Ki Joong Kim 3 , Moon-Woo Seong 2 , Jin Sook Lee 4 , Jong-Hee Chae 5
Affiliation  

BACKGROUND The ACO2 gene encodes mitochondrial aconitase, the enzyme involved in the second step of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, catalyzing the interconversion of citrate into isocitrate. To date, fewer than 20 families harboring ACO2 mutations have been identified since the first report of a neurodegenerative disorder such as infantile cerebellar retinal degeneration in 2012. Subsequently, various phenotypes, from isolated optic atrophy to spastic paraplegia, have been recognized. Here, we report a case of a newly identified neurometabolic syndrome resulting from novel ACO2 mutations, which expands the genetic spectrum and increases clinical awareness in real-world clinical practice. CASE REPORT A 2-month-old boy presented with hypotonia, cyanosis, and abnormal eye movements. He had severe psychomotor retardation and intractable seizures manifesting with cyanotic episodes. Diffuse cerebral atrophy and bilateral optic atrophy were noted without cerebellar atrophy. With unremarkable results on comprehensive diagnostic work-up and targeted genetic tests, whole exome sequencing revealed novel compound heterozygous variants in ACO2 (p.Met393Ile and p.Cys448Ser), which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Although no definitive signs suggestive of metabolic disturbances or mitochondrial dysfunction have been noted in patients with ACO2 mutations to date, elevated plasma glutamate levels were noted in our case. CONCLUSION A high index of clinical suspicion and awareness of this disease may aid in the diagnosis of cases with unknown neurodegenerative diseases, facilitated by deep sequencing.

中文翻译:

进行性脑病婴儿的新型复合杂合 ACO2 突变:一种新发现的神经代谢综合征

背景 ACO2 基因编码线粒体乌头酸酶,该酶参与三羧酸循环的第二步,催化柠檬酸盐相互转化为异柠檬酸盐。迄今为止,自 2012 年首次报道神经退行性疾病(如婴儿小脑视网膜变性)以来,已经确定了不到 20 个携带 ACO2 突变的家族。随后,从孤立的视神经萎缩到痉挛性截瘫的各种表型都得到了认可。在这里,我们报告了一个新发现的由新的 ACO2 突变引起的神经代谢综合征的病例,这扩大了遗传谱并提高了现实世界临床实践中的临床意识。病例报告 一名 2 个月大的男孩因肌张力减退、紫绀和眼球运动异常就诊。他有严重的精神运动迟缓和顽固性癫痫发作,表现为紫绀发作。观察到弥漫性脑萎缩和双侧视神经萎缩,无小脑萎缩。由于综合诊断检查和靶向基因检测的结果并不显着,全外显子组测序揭示了 ACO2 中新的复合杂合变体(p.Met393Ile 和 p.Cys448Ser),这已通过 Sanger 测序得到证实。尽管迄今为止在 ACO2 突变的患者中没有发现表明代谢紊乱或线粒体功能障碍的明确迹象,但在我们的病例中注意到血浆谷氨酸水平升高。结论 高度的临床怀疑和对这种疾病的认识可能有助于诊断未知神经退行性疾病的病例,这有助于深度测序。观察到弥漫性脑萎缩和双侧视神经萎缩,无小脑萎缩。由于综合诊断检查和靶向基因检测的结果并不显着,全外显子组测序揭示了 ACO2 中新的复合杂合变体(p.Met393Ile 和 p.Cys448Ser),这已通过 Sanger 测序得到证实。尽管迄今为止在 ACO2 突变的患者中没有发现表明代谢紊乱或线粒体功能障碍的明确迹象,但在我们的病例中注意到血浆谷氨酸水平升高。结论 高度的临床怀疑和对这种疾病的认识可能有助于诊断未知神经退行性疾病的病例,这有助于深度测序。观察到弥漫性脑萎缩和双侧视神经萎缩,无小脑萎缩。由于综合诊断检查和靶向基因检测的结果并不显着,全外显子组测序揭示了 ACO2 中新的复合杂合变体(p.Met393Ile 和 p.Cys448Ser),这已通过 Sanger 测序得到证实。尽管迄今为止在 ACO2 突变的患者中没有发现表明代谢紊乱或线粒体功能障碍的明确迹象,但在我们的病例中注意到血浆谷氨酸水平升高。结论 高度的临床怀疑和对这种疾病的认识可能有助于诊断未知神经退行性疾病的病例,这有助于深度测序。由于综合诊断检查和靶向基因检测的结果并不显着,全外显子组测序揭示了 ACO2 中新的复合杂合变体(p.Met393Ile 和 p.Cys448Ser),这已通过 Sanger 测序得到证实。尽管迄今为止在 ACO2 突变的患者中没有发现表明代谢紊乱或线粒体功能障碍的明确迹象,但在我们的病例中注意到血浆谷氨酸水平升高。结论 高度的临床怀疑和对这种疾病的认识可能有助于诊断未知神经退行性疾病的病例,这有助于深度测序。由于综合诊断检查和靶向基因检测的结果并不显着,全外显子组测序揭示了 ACO2 中新的复合杂合变体(p.Met393Ile 和 p.Cys448Ser),这已通过 Sanger 测序得到证实。尽管迄今为止在 ACO2 突变的患者中没有发现表明代谢紊乱或线粒体功能障碍的明确迹象,但在我们的病例中注意到血浆谷氨酸水平升高。结论 高度的临床怀疑和对这种疾病的认识可能有助于诊断未知神经退行性疾病的病例,这有助于深度测序。尽管迄今为止在 ACO2 突变的患者中没有发现表明代谢紊乱或线粒体功能障碍的明确迹象,但在我们的病例中注意到血浆谷氨酸水平升高。结论 高度的临床怀疑和对这种疾病的认识可能有助于诊断未知神经退行性疾病的病例,这有助于深度测序。尽管迄今为止在 ACO2 突变的患者中没有发现表明代谢紊乱或线粒体功能障碍的明确迹象,但在我们的病例中注意到血浆谷氨酸水平升高。结论 高度的临床怀疑和对这种疾病的认识可能有助于诊断未知神经退行性疾病的病例,这有助于深度测序。
更新日期:2020-10-01
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