Abstract Thunderstorm is a complex of electrical, optical, and acoustical phenomena that occurs in the troposphere layer and liberates a huge amount of energy, which diffuses the electric field, propagates atmospheric acoustic and gravity waves into the ionosphere, and changes the ionospheric parameters such as the electron density and ionospheric conductivity. In this paper, irregularities in the TEC, the activity of IGW and IAW, influenced by thunderstorm were investigated for July 2017. Our results show a direct relationship between increase in thunderstorm activities and the TEC irregularities. The average of irregularity amplitudes, under severe thunderstorm conditions was 1.3 times larger than calm conditions (non-lightning days). Further, ROTI average on high thunderstorm activity days was obtained 1.25 times larger in value, compared to calm conditions. Furthermore, the average of IGWs maximum amplitudes was 0.23 and 0.12 TECU for high and low thunderstorm activity days, respectively. Our statistical study showed clear effects of intense thunderstorms on the ionosphere, mostly with a roughly 1–2 h delay. It should be noted that solar activity and geomagnetic conditions were the same in all investigated days.

中文翻译：

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使用 GNSS 数据探测雷暴对低电离层的垂直耦合效应

摘要 雷暴是发生在对流层并释放出大量能量，使电场扩散，将大气声波和重力波传播到电离层，并改变电离层参数如电子密度和电离层电导率。本文研究了 2017 年 7 月受雷暴影响的 TEC 不规则性、IGW 和 IAW 活动。我们的结果表明雷暴活动增加与 TEC 不规则性之间存在直接关系。在严重雷暴条件下，不规则幅度的平均值是平静条件（非闪电日）的 1.3 倍。此外，高雷暴活动日的 ROTI 平均值获得了 1.25 倍的值，与平静的条件相比。此外，高和低雷暴活动日的 IGW 最大振幅平均值分别为 0.23 和 0.12 TECU。我们的统计研究表明，强烈的雷暴对电离层有明显的影响，主要有大约 1-2 小时的延迟。应该指出的是，所有调查日的太阳活动和地磁条件都相同。